ArticleMedical physics2024
Secondary neutron dosimetry for conformal FLASH proton therapy.
Article in Medical physics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 11 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spread-Out Bragg Peak FLASH Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Reirradiation: A Treatment Planning Study.International journal of particle therapy · 2026Article
- Deliverable proton conformal FLASH radiotherapy treatment planning for head and neck re-irradiation patients.Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology · 2026Article
- Advances in proton therapy technology and global clinical applications.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Evaluation of the Mini-ridge Filter's Impact on the Generation of Secondary Radiation in Synchrotron-based Proton Beam Therapy.Journal of medical physicsArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCyclotron-based proton therapy systems utilize the highest proton energies to achieve an ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) for FLASH radiotherapy. The deep-penetrating range associated with this high energy can be modulated by inserting a uniform plate of proton-stopping material, known as a range shifter, in the beam path at the nozzle to bring the Bragg peak within the target while ensuring high proton transport efficiency for UHDR. Aluminum has been recently proposed as a range shifter material mainly due to its high compactness and its mechanical properties. A possible drawback lies in the fact that aluminum has a larger cross-section of producing secondary neutrons compared to conventional plastic range shifters. Accordingly, an increase in secondary neutron contamination was expected during the delivery of range-modulated FLASH proton therapy, potentially heightening neutron-induced carcinogenic risks to the patient. PURPOSE: We conducted neutron dosimetry using simulations and measurements to evaluate excess dose due to neutron exposure during UHDR proton irradiation with aluminum range shifters compared to plastic range shifters.
methodsMonte Carlo simulations in TOPAS were performed to investigate the secondary neutron production characteristics with aluminum range shifter during 225 MeV single-spot proton irradiation. The computational results were validated against measurements with a pair of ionization chambers in an out-of-field region (
resultsFor a range modulation up to 26 cm in water, the maximum simulated and measured values of out-of-field secondary neutron dose equivalent per therapeutic dose with aluminum range shifter were found to be
conclusionsWe conducted simulations and measurements of secondary neutron production under proton irradiation at FLASH energy with range shifters. We found that the secondary neutron yield increased when using aluminum range shifters compared to conventional materials while remaining well below the non-primary radiation limit constrained by the IEC regulations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.