ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2024
Cystatin C Is a Predictor for Long-Term, All-Cause, and Cardiovascular Mortality in US Adults With Metabolic Syndrome.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of frailty-risk indicators with cardiovascular diseases: evidence from the CHARLS.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2026Article
- Shared and specific blood biomarkers for multimorbidity.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Cystatin C Mirrors Fibrosis Burden in Metabolic Syndrome: Insights from the Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fibrosis-5 Score.Metabolites · 2026Article
- An interpretable machine learning model for predicting 1-year major adverse cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes and hypertension.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Mendelian Randomization to Examine the Causal Effects of Cystatin on Ovarian Lesions.International journal of women's health · 2026Article
- Elevated serum cystatin C predicts tophus formation in gout: evidence from a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Novel cardiac biomarkers and multiple-marker approach in the early detection, prognosis, and risk stratification of cardiac diseases.World journal of cardiology · 2025Review
- Genetic analysis of elevated levels of creatinine and cystatin C biomarkers reveals novel genetic loci associated with kidney function.Human molecular genetics · 2025Article
- Relationship between serum cystatin C and diabetic retinopathy in T2DM patients.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Comprehensive proteome profiling of molecular endotypes in Japanese adults with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Association of serum creatinine/cystatin C ratio with insulin resistance and all-cause mortality: a national cohort analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Utilizing nutrition-related biomarkers to develop a nutrition-related aging clock for the chinese demographic.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Relationship between stroke and estimated glucose disposal rate: results from two prospective cohort studies.Lipids in health and disease · 2024Article
- Relationship between Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index with all-cause and CVD mortality in osteopenia and osteoporosis.Frontiers in public health · 2024Article
- Associations between estimated glucose disposal rate and arterial stiffness and mortality among US adults with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThis study examined the relationship between cystatin C (CysC) levels and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality in US metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients.
methodsThe 1999-2002 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) prospective cohort research included 1980 MetS participants. To assess CysC levels and all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality, fitted curves, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, Cox regression analysis, and receiver operating characteristic curves were performed.
resultsDuring a mean follow-up of 15.3 ± 5.4 years, a total of 819 deaths occurred. The fitted and Kaplan-Meier survival curves revealed that greater CysC levels were linked to higher all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality rates (P < .05). After adjusting for variables, CysC level was associated with all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality at 1.63 (1.42-1.88), 1.53 (1.19-1.95), and 1.53 (1 ∼ 2.32), respectively (P < .05). Tertile models showed consistent results: high CysC Tertile participants showed higher risk of all-cause mortality (HR 1.87; 1.43-2.45), CVD mortality (HR 1.97, 1.15 ∼ 3.38), and cancer mortality (HR 1.72, 1.01 ∼ 2.91) compared to those in the lowest tertile (P < .05). Subgroup studies by sex and other characteristics confirmed the findings. CysC demonstrated the higher predictive efficacy across mortality outcomes, followed by eGFR, outperforming urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid, and C-reactive protein. CysC alone exhibited substantial predictive value for all-cause (AUC 0.773; P < .05) and CVD mortality (AUC 0.726; P < .05). Combining CysC with age enhanced predictive value for all-cause mortality to 0.861 and CVD mortality to 0.771 (P < .05).
conclusionMetS patients with elevated CysC levels have a higher risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer death. CysC may predict MetS all-cause and CVD mortality.
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