ReviewJournal of patient-centered research and reviews2024
Understanding Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Used in Adult Survivors Experiencing Long-Term Effects After COVID-19 Infection: A Rapid Review.
Review in Journal of patient-centered research and reviews, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Patient-reported outcome measures for post-COVID-19 condition: a systematic review of instruments and measurement properties.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Longitudinal Patient-Reported Outcome Trajectories in Long COVID: Findings From the STOP-PASC Clinical Trial.Open forum infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Structured, expert-informed selection and harmonization of patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in a German multicenter network: the post-COVID syndrome use case.Health and quality of life outcomes · 2026Article
- Development of the long COVID - 6 dimensions quality of life (LC-6D-QoL) scale: a Delphi study.Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2026Article
- Health-Related Quality of Life in Long COVID: Mapping the Condition-Specific C19-YRSm Measure Onto the EQ-5D-5L.Patient related outcome measures · 2025Article
- Association between COVID-19 vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 variants, and post COVID-19 condition: A cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2025Article
- The population based cognitive testing in subjects with SARS-CoV-2 (POPCOV2) study: longitudinal investigation of remote cognitive and fatigue screening in PCR-positive cases and negative controls.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2024Article
- The EQ-5D-5L and Minimal Important Change in Long COVID.Advances in rehabilitation science and practiceArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Purpose: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are used in individuals experiencing long-term effects from COVID-19 infection, or Long COVID, to evaluate the quality of life and functional status of these individuals. However, little is known about which PROMs are being utilised and the psychometric properties of these PROMs. Our purpose was thus to explore which PROMs are used in Long COVID patients and to discuss the psychometric properties of the PROMs. Methods: For this rapid review, a systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL databases. The found studies were screened using the PRISMA flowchart. We then performed study quality appraisal and assessed the psychometric properties of the found PROMs. Results: Per the systematic literature search and after removal of duplicates, 157 publications were identified for individual screening. After screening and eligibility assessment, 74 articles were selected for our review. In total, 74 PROMs were used and primarily comprised quality of life, fatigue, breathlessness, mental health, and smell/taste issues in COVID "long haulers." Five studies used newly developed, COVID-19-specific PROMs. We assessed the psychometric properties of the 10 most-used PROMs. The majority were found to be reliable and valid instruments. EQ-5D-5L was the most popular and highly rated PROM. Conclusions: We assessed PROMs used in Long COVID patients and evaluated their psychometric properties. EQ-5D-5L was the most favourably rated PROM. PROMs addressing mental health issues are crucial in managing anxiety and depression in Long COVID patients. New COVID-specific PROMs assess functional status and smell/taste perception and show great utilisation potential in olfactory training at COVID smell clinics. However, many reviewed PROMs currently lack sufficient analysis of their psychometric properties. Therefore, future research needs to examine these measures.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.