ArticleReproductive health2024
Trends in prevalence of unmet need for family planning in India: patterns of change across 36 States and Union Territories, 1993-2021.
Article in Reproductive health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dietary diversity and nutritional status of children enrolled in Anganwadis of Anekal Taluk, Bengaluru Urban District.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2026Article
- Factors Affecting Family Planning Adoption in Migrant Communities: A Cross-Sectional Study From Central India.Cureus · 2026Article
- Real-world contraceptive performance of ormeloxifene among reproductive-age women.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Immediate postpartum long acting reversible contraceptive uptake and associated factors at Asella Referral and Teaching Hospital, Ethiopia.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2025Article
- Determinant of unmet need for family planning among adolescent and young women in Kenya: multilevel analysis using recent Kenyan demographic health survey.Frontiers in reproductive health · 2025Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundEliminating unmet need for family planning by 2030 is a global priority for ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages. We estimate the sub-national trends in prevalence of unmet need for family planning over 30 years in India and study differences based on socio-economic and demographic factors.
methodsWe used data from five National Family Health Surveys (NFHS) conducted between 1993 to 2021 for the 36 states/Union Territories (UTs) of India. The study population included women of ages 15-49 years who were married or in a union at the time of the survey. The outcome was unmet need for family planning which captures the prevalence of fecund and sexually active women not using contraception, who want to delay or limit childbearing. We calculated the standardized absolute change to estimate the change in prevalence on an annual basis across all states/UTs. We examined the patterning of prevalence of across demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and estimated the headcount of women with unmet need in 2021.
resultsThe prevalence of unmet need in India decreased from 20·6% (95% CI: 20·1- 21·2%) in 1993, to 9·4% (95% CI: 9·3-9·6%) in 2021. Median unmet need prevalence across states/UTs decreased from 17·80% in 1993 to 8·95% in 2021. The north-eastern states of Meghalaya (26·9%, 95% CI: 25·3-28·6%) and Mizoram (18·9%, 95% CI: 17·2-20·6%), followed by the northern states of Bihar (13·6%, 95% CI: 13·1-14·1%) and Uttar Pradesh (12·9%, 95% CI: 12·5-13·2%), had the highest unmet need prevalence in 2021. As of 2021, the estimated number of women with an unmet need for family planning was 24,194,428. Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, and West Bengal accounted for half of this headcount. Women of ages 15-19 and those belonging the poorest wealth quintile had a relatively high prevalence of unmet need in 2021.
conclusionsThe existing initiatives under the National Family Planning Programme should be strengthened, and new policies should be developed with a focus on states/UTs with high prevalence, to ensure unmet need for family planning is eliminated by 2030.
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