Observational studyNature communications2024
SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular and humoral immunity after bivalent BA.4/5 COVID-19-vaccination in previously infected and non-infected individuals.
Observational study in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses Following Bivalent SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccines in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis: A Prospective Cohort Study.Kidney medicine · 2026Article
- The influence of anti-CD20-directed B cell depletion across different agents on Epstein-Barr virus-specific humoral and cellular immunity in patients with multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Immune correlates of risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection in children: a prospective, community-based cohort study.Nature communications · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2-specific immunity after XBB.1.5 vaccination is not significantly altered by subsequent influenza vaccination in dialysis patients.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Induction of Humoral and Cellular Immunity After SARS-CoV-2 JN.1 Vaccination in Individuals With and Without Prior Infection.European journal of immunology · 2026Article
- Cross-neutralizing antibody responses among individuals with or without bivalent vaccine: a six-month prospective cohort study.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of the adjuvanted respiratory syncytial virus vaccine in patients with chronic kidney disease.Clinical kidney journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Extensive cross-reactive T cell epitopes across SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant spikes with finite immune evasion mutations.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Third exposure to COVID-19 infection or vaccination differentially impacts T cell responses.The Journal of infection · 2025Observational
- Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection affects adaptive immune responses to Omicron BA.4/BA.5 mRNA booster.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Article
- Evaluation of broad-spectrum protection by novel mRNA vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants (Delta, Omicron-BA.5, XBB-EG.5) in the golden hamster model.Virology journal · 2025Article
- Exponential decline, ceiling effect, downregulation, and T-cell response in immunoglobulin G antibody levels after messenger RNA vaccine boosters: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2024Article
- Bivalent Omicron BA.1 vaccine booster increases memory B cell breadth and neutralising antibodies against emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.EBioMedicine · 2024Article
- Design of the conserved epitope peptide of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein as the broad-spectrum COVID-19 vaccine.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2024Article
- Potent induction of humoral and cellular immunity after bivalent BA.4/5 mRNA vaccination in dialysis patients.NPJ vaccines · 2024Article
- Long-term COVID-19 vaccine- and Omicron infection-induced humoral and cell-mediated immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Knowledge is limited as to how prior SARS-CoV-2 infection influences cellular and humoral immunity after booster-vaccination with bivalent BA.4/5-adapted mRNA-vaccines, and whether vaccine-induced immunity may indicate subsequent infection. In this observational study, individuals with prior infection (n = 64) showed higher vaccine-induced anti-spike IgG-antibodies and neutralizing titers, but the relative increase was significantly higher in non-infected individuals (n = 63). In general, both groups showed higher neutralizing activity towards the parental strain than towards Omicron-subvariants BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5. In contrast, CD4 or CD8 T cell levels towards spike from the parental strain and the Omicron-subvariants, and cytokine expression profiles were similar irrespective of prior infection. Breakthrough infections occurred more frequently among previously non-infected individuals, who had significantly lower vaccine-induced spike-specific neutralizing activity and CD4 T cell levels. In summary, we show that immunogenicity after BA.4/5-bivalent vaccination differs between individuals with and without prior infection. Moreover, our results may help to improve prediction of breakthrough infections.
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