ArticleEuropean journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society2024
Cranio-cervical and traumatic brain injury patterns-do they differ between electric bicycle, bicycle, and motorcycle-induced accidents?
Article in European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neurological outcomes and risk factors for traumatic brain injury in two-wheeled vehicles users: A comparative study of motorcyclists, bicyclists, and scooter riders admitted to the intensive care unit.Neurosurgical review · 2026Article
- Electric bicycle versus conventional bicycle crashes: comparative analysis of injury patterns, severity, and the modifying effect of body mass index.European journal of trauma and emergency surgery : official publication of the European Trauma Society · 2026Article
- Pedal cyclist injuries: An epidemiological study from the National Trauma Registry of Iran.Journal of education and health promotion · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeWith the growing technical options of power transmission and energy-saving options in electric drives, the number of E-bike-related accidents especially in an elderly population has increased. The aim of the current study was to compare if the increased velocity in comparison to conventional bikes translates into different injury patterns in the cranio-cervical and head region.
methodsA retrospective cohort study was performed in patients admitted to our level one trauma center between 2009 and 2019 after being involved in an accident with either an E-bike, bicycle, or motorcycle and suffered cranio-cervical or traumatic brain injury. OUTCOMES: cranio-cervical/intracranial injury pattern. Data interpretation was conducted in an interdisciplinary approach.
resultsFrom 3292 patients treated in this period, we included 1068 patients. E-bikers were significantly older than bicyclists (or motorcyclists) and lay between the other two groups in terms of helmet use. Overall injury patterns of E-bikers resembled those found in motorcyclists rather than in bicyclists. E-bikers had a higher incidence of different cerebral bleedings, especially if no helmet was worn. Helmet protection of E-bikers resulted in a comparable frequency of intracranial bleeding to the helmeted bicyclists.
conclusionThe overall pattern of head and cervical injuries in E-bikers resembles more to that of motorcyclists than that of bicyclists. As they are used by a more senior population, multiple risk factors apply in terms of complications and secondary intracranial bleeding. Our study suggests that preventive measures should be reinforced, i.e., use of helmets to prevent from intracranial injury.
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