SynthesisStatistical methods in medical research2024
Methods for non-proportional hazards in clinical trials: A systematic review.
Synthesis in Statistical methods in medical research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Limitations of nomogram models in predicting survival outcomes for glioma patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- A Novel Approach for Analyzing Non-Proportional Hazards With Long-Term Survivors: The Defective Yang-Prentice Model.Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift · 2026Article
- Baseline Deep Capillary Plexus Ischemia Predicts Earlier Diabetic Retinopathy Complications Than Foveal Avascular Enlargement.American journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Censoring, Competing Events, and Multistate Models: Comment on Beyersmann et al. "Hazards Constitute Key Quantities for Analyzing, Interpreting and Understanding Time-to-Event Data".Biometrical journal. Biometrische Zeitschrift · 2026Article
- Interpretable Machine Learning Framework for Predicting Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Rheumatoid Arthritis Using Electronic Health Records: Multicenter Cohort Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- Reduced risk of dementia with recombinant zoster vaccine in US adults age 65 or older.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Accumulation of metabolic multimorbidity and its association with mortality: results from a prospective cohort study among people with HIV in China, 2010-2024.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- Comparison of primary analysis strategies of randomized controlled trials with multiple endpoints with application to kidney transplantation.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A Methodological Review of Simulation Studies Published in Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2026Review
- Development and comparative evaluation of machine learning algorithms and Cox regression for predicting fasting plasma glucose-defined incident prediabetes: a longitudinal cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Assessing delayed treatment benefits of immunotherapy using long-term average hazard: a novel test/estimation approach.Lifetime data analysis · 2025Article
- Adaptive Weight Selection for Time-To-Event Data Under Non-Proportional Hazards.Statistics in medicine · 2025Article
- A Comparison of Statistical Methods for Time-To-Event Analyses in Randomized Controlled Trials Under Non-Proportional Hazards.Statistics in medicine · 2025Article
- Commentary: Molecular and immunological features of TREM1 and its emergence as a prognostic indicator in glioma.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Metastasis-directed stereotactic radiotherapy in patients with breast cancer: results of an international multicenter cohort study.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2024Article
- Limitations of using COX proportional hazards model in cardiovascular research.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
16 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
For the analysis of time-to-event data, frequently used methods such as the log-rank test or the Cox proportional hazards model are based on the proportional hazards assumption, which is often debatable. Although a wide range of parametric and non-parametric methods for non-proportional hazards has been proposed, there is no consensus on the best approaches. To close this gap, we conducted a systematic literature search to identify statistical methods and software appropriate under non-proportional hazard. Our literature search identified 907 abstracts, out of which we included 211 articles, mostly methodological ones. Review articles and applications were less frequently identified. The articles discuss effect measures, effect estimation and regression approaches, hypothesis tests, and sample size calculation approaches, which are often tailored to specific non-proportional hazard situations. Using a unified notation, we provide an overview of methods available. Furthermore, we derive some guidance from the identified articles.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.