Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38591351›Full record

ArticleActa oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden)2024

Excess weight, weight gain, and prostate cancer risk and prognosis: the PROCA-life study.

Martin Støyten, Tore Knutsen, Einar Stikbakke, Ingvild Agledahl, Tom Wilsgaard, Anne Elise Eggen, Elin Richardsen, Edward Giovannucci, Inger Thune, Hege S Haugnes

Open access · diamondAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
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Article in Acta oncologica (Stockholm, Sweden), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 27% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 2 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Martin Støyten *Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT - The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway.
Tore Knutsen *Department of Urology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Einar StikbakkeInstitute of Clinical Medicine, UIT - The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Ingvild AgledahlDepartment of Urology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Tom WilsgaardInstitute of Community Medicine, UIT-The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway.
Anne Elise EggenInstitute of Community Medicine, UIT-The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway.
Elin RichardsenDepartment of Pathology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Medical Biology, UIT - The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway.
Edward GiovannucciDepartments of Nutrition and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Inger Thune *Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT - The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway; Insitute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Norway.
Hege S Haugnes *Institute of Clinical Medicine, UIT - The Arctic University, Tromsø, Norway; Department of Oncology, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway. hege.sagstuen.haugnes@uit.no.
UiT The Arctic University of Norway · NOUniversity Hospital of North Norway · NOHarvard University · USUniversity of Oslo · NO

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStudies of excess weight and weight changes throughout adult life for prostate cancer (PCa) risk and prognosis have shown inconsistent results.

methodsIn a population-based cohort, the Prostate Cancer Study throughout life (PROCA-life), 16,960 healthy men from the prospective cohort Tromsø Study (1994-2016) were included. Body mass index (BMI) and weight were measured at all four attendings, and weight change was calculated as the difference between the first and last of either Tromsø4, Tromsø5 or Tromsø6. Overall, 904 men developed PCa during 16 years of follow-up, and Poisson regression with fractional polynomials was used to investigate trends in incidence. Cox proportional hazard and logistic regression models were used to study associations between measurements of BMI and weight change and PCa risk, severity, and mortality.

resultsAt study entry, 46% of the participants (median age 44 years) were overweight, and 14% were obese (BMI > 30 kg/m2). We observed a 127% increase in overall age adjusted PCa incidence in the cohort during 1995 through 2019. No overall associations between BMI or weight change and PCa risk were observed. However, in sub-group analysis, weight gain among obese men was associated with a three-fold higher PCa risk (HR 3.03, 95% CI 1.39-6.58) compared with obese men with stable weight. Overweight was associated with lower risk of metastatic cancer (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.30-0.75) at diagnosis. Men with obesity had higher risk of PCa-specific death (HR 1.72, 95% CI 1.03-2.88), while nonsmoking obese PCa cases had two times higher PCa-specific mortality compared with normal weighted PCa cases (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.11-3.70).

interpretationIn our cohort, weight gain among obese men was associated with higher risk of PCa, and obesity was associated with higher PCa-specific mortality, especially among nonsmokers. The relationship between weight and risk for PCa remains complicated, and future studies are needed to determine clinical implications.

Indexed as

OverweightProstatic NeoplasmsAdultBody Mass IndexHumansMaleObesityProspective StudiesRisk FactorsWeight Gain

Identifiers

PMID38591351
PMCPMC11332472
OpenAlexW4394620145

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.