ArticleNature medicine2024
Maternal diabetes and risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring in a multinational cohort of 3.6 million mother-child pairs.
Article in Nature medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Developing a Hierarchical Algorithm to Identify Pregnancies and Determine Gestational Age from Nationwide Linked Health Data in Taiwan.Drug safety · 2026Article
- ADHD medication use and risk of self-harm: a multinational self-controlled case series study.BMJ mental health · 2026Article
- Maternal Diabetes Mellitus and Child Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Rethinking Causality in Light of Environmental Pollutants.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Review
- Intrauterine exposure to maternal diabetes and the risk of developing epilepsy in children: a national cohort study of 2.3 million children.BMC medicine · 2026Article
- GDM-Related Neurodevelopmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders in the Mothers and Their Progeny, and the Underlying Mechanisms.Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Exploring the association between gestational diabetes exposure and mental and behavioural disorders in offspring: the Finnish gestational diabetes (FinnGeDi) register-based study.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2025Article
- Prenatal Glucose Intolerance and Child Neurodevelopmental Disorders.JAMA network open · 2025Article
- Article
- 10 Practical Considerations for the Conduct of Multi-National/Database Studies in Pharmacoepidemiology.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2025Review
- Optimizing long term disease prevention with reinforcement learning: a framework for precision lipid control.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Biomarkers for tracking metabolic changes pre-post nutritional epigenetics diet/intervention to prevent autism and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorders in children.World journal of experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD): in the Era of Artificial Intelligence, Causal Inference, and Data Security.Clinical epidemiology · 2025Review
- Neurodevelopmental trajectories in well-controlled gestational diabetes mellitus offspring: No differences were found at the 6- and 12-month assessments.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- The impact of weight loss in early pregnancy on the incidence of late gestational diabetes: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- The role of nutrition and gut microbiome in childhood brain development and behavior.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
28 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Previous studies report an association between maternal diabetes mellitus (MDM) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), often overlooking unmeasured confounders such as shared genetics and environmental factors. We therefore conducted a multinational cohort study with linked mother-child pairs data in Hong Kong, New Zealand, Taiwan, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden to evaluate associations between different MDM (any MDM, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and pregestational diabetes mellitus (PGDM)) and ADHD using Cox proportional hazards regression. We included over 3.6 million mother-child pairs between 2001 and 2014 with follow-up until 2020. Children who were born to mothers with any type of diabetes during pregnancy had a higher risk of ADHD than unexposed children (pooled hazard ratio (HR) = 1.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08-1.24). Higher risks of ADHD were also observed for both GDM (pooled HR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04-1.17) and PGDM (pooled HR = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.25-1.55). However, siblings with discordant exposure to GDM in pregnancy had similar risks of ADHD (pooled HR = 1.05, 95% CI = 0.94-1.17), suggesting potential confounding by unmeasured, shared familial factors. Our findings indicate that there is a small-to-moderate association between MDM and ADHD, whereas the association between GDM and ADHD is unlikely to be causal. This finding contrast with previous studies, which reported substantially higher risk estimates, and underscores the need to reevaluate the precise roles of hyperglycemia and genetic factors in the relationship between MDM and ADHD.
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