SynthesisNeuropsychology review2025
The Prevalence of Cognitive Impairment in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Neuropsychology review, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Sleep and cognitive outcomes in multiple sclerosis; a systematic review.BMC psychiatry · 2024Pooled it
- The Effects of Coffee/Caffeine in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis; A Systematic Review.Journal of evidence-based integrative medicinePooled it
- Oxidative stress, depressive symptoms, disability, cognitive outcomes and hand dexterity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients with mild/moderate disability.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Article
- Dietary regimens and cognitive function in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2026Review
- Accelerated long-term forgetting as an objective marker of subjective memory impairment in multiple sclerosis.Neurological research and practice · 2026Article
- Co-development of a protocol for a randomised controlled feasibility trial of CIRCuiTS™ cognitive remediation therapy for people with multiple sclerosis.Pilot and feasibility studies · 2026Review
- The use of routinely collected structural neuroimaging to identify cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- Refining neuropsychological assessment strategies in multiple sclerosis: insights from long-term cognitive trajectories.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- The relationship between cognitive complaints and burden of non-cognitive symptoms in multiple sclerosis.BJPsych open · 2026Article
- Long-Term Clinical and Psychological Efficacy and Safety of Ocrelizumab in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Real-World Longitudinal Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis: New Therapeutic Approaches.Neuropsychopharmacology reports · 2025Review
- Timed 25-foot walk test is independently associated with cognitive function in multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study.European journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Enhanced cognitive outcomes with telehealth-based tDCS in multiple sclerosis: Results from a sham-controlled RCT.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
- Physical disability, cognition, and depression as determinants of quality of life in multiple sclerosis: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
- In multiple sclerosis, cognitive disengagement syndrome (CDS) is associated with higher depression, insomnia, fatigue, and paresthesia.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
- Serum neurofilament light chain and disease-modifying treatment as predictors of cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neurologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is increasingly recognized that cognitive symptoms are a common sequelae of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and are associated with adverse functional consequences. However, estimates of cognitive impairment (CIm) prevalence vary widely. This study aimed to determine the pooled prevalence of CIm among adults with RRMS and investigate moderators of prevalence rates. Following prospective registration (PROSPERO; CRD42021281815), electronic databases (Embase, Scopus, Medline, and PsycINFO) were searched from inception until March 2023. Eligible studies reported the prevalence of CIm among adults with RRMS, as determined through standardized neuropsychological testing and defined as evidence of reduced performance across at least two cognitive domains (e.g., processing speed, attention) relative to normative samples, healthy controls, or premorbid estimates. The electronic database search yielded 8695 unique records, of which 50 met selection criteria. The pooled prevalence of cognitive impairment was 32.5% (95% confidence interval 29.3-36.0%) across 5859 participants. Mean disease duration and age were significant predictors of cognitive impairment prevalence, with samples with longer disease durations and older age reporting higher prevalence rates. Studies which administered more extensive test batteries also reported significantly higher cognitive impairment prevalence. Approximately one third of adults with RRMS experience clinical levels of CIm. This finding supports the use of routine cognitive testing to enable early detection of CIm, and to identify individuals who may benefit from additional cognitive and functional support during treatment planning.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.