Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38587145›Full record

ArticleEquine veterinary journal2025

Equine bone marrow MSC-derived extracellular vesicles mitigate the inflammatory effects of interleukin-1β on navicular tissues in vitro.

Vivian G Quam, Zarah A Belacic, Sidney Long, Hilary C Rice, Madhu S Dhar, Sushmitha Durgam

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Equine veterinary journal, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Current and Emerging Biologic Therapies for Equine Tendon and Ligament Injuries.The Veterinary clinics of North America. Equine practice · 2025
    Review
  4. Review
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Vivian G QuamDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Zarah A BelacicDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Sidney LongDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Hilary C RiceDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.
Madhu S DharDepartment of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, USA.
Sushmitha DurgamDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5804-0406

Funding

Institutional Career Development CoreKL2TR002734 · NCATS · OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY · PI CARNES, CYNTHIA A · 2018 to 2022
$2.7M
American College of Veterinary Surgeons Foundation 2019 Surgeon-in-Training GrantNCATS NIH HHS KL2 TR002734NCATS NIH HHS KL2TR002734
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSafe, efficacious therapy for treating degenerate deep digital flexor tendon (DDFT) and navicular bone fibrocartilage (NBF) in navicular horses is critically necessary. While archetypal orthobiologic therapies for navicular disease are used empirically, their safety and efficacy are unknown. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles (EV) may overcome several limitations of current orthobiologic therapies.

objectivesTo (1) characterise cytokine and growth factor profiles of equine bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC)-derived extracellular vesicles (BM-EV) and (2) evaluate the in vitro anti-inflammatory and extracellular matrix (ECM) protective potentials of BM-EV on DDFT and NBF explant co-cultures in an IL-1β inflammatory environment. STUDY

designIn vitro experimental study.

methodsCytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1ra and TNF-α) and growth factors (TGFβ1, VEGF, IGF1 and PDGF) in equine BM-EV isolated via ultracentrifugation and precipitation methods were profiled. Forelimb DDFT and NBF explant co-cultures from seven horses were exposed to media alone, or media containing 2 × 10

resultsIL-6, IGF1 and VEGF concentrations were 102.1 (37.61-256.2) and 182.3 (163.1-226.3), 72.3 (8-175.6) and 2.4 (0.1-2.6), 108.3 (38.3-709.1) and 211.4 (189.1-318.2) pg/mL per 2 × 10 MAIN LIMITATIONS: Specimen numbers are limited, in vitro model may not replicate clinical case conditions, lack of non-MSC-derived EV control group.

conclusionsEquine BM-EV contains IL-6 and growth factors, IGF1 and VEGF. The anti-inflammatory and ECM protective potentials of BM-EV were evident as increased IL-6 and decreased MMP-3 concentrations in the DDFT-NBF explant co-culture media. These results support further evaluation of BM-EV as an acellular and 'off-the-shelf' intra-bursal/intrasynovial therapy for navicular pathologies.

Indexed as

Extracellular VesiclesInterleukin-1betaMesenchymal Stem CellsAnimalsBone Marrow CellsCoculture TechniquesCytokinesGene Expression RegulationHorse DiseasesHorsesInflammationCytokinesInterleukin-1betabone marrow MSCdeep digital flexor tendonextracellular vesicleshorsenavicular fibrocartilage

Identifiers

PMID38587145
PMCPMC11458820

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.