ReviewJournal of orthopaedics2024
Compensatory mechanisms for proximal & distal joint alignment & gait in varus knee osteoarthritis treated with high tibial osteotomy: A systematic review.
Review in Journal of orthopaedics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Biologics or surgery for moderate knee osteoarthritis? a patient-centered framework for short-term relief and long-term outcomes.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Review
- Changes in Balance Outcomes Following High Tibial Osteotomy in Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty is more precise than conventional total knee arthroplasty in restoring knee, but not ankle alignment: a retrospective study based on imaging data.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2025Article
- Trends in the Use of Weightbearing Computed Tomography.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Varus deformity is common in medial compartment knee osteoarthritis (OA). This coronal plane malalignment is compensated for by static and dynamic adjustments in the position of the adjacent joints, principally in the hindfoot & ankle. Varus knee OA can be treated in selected patients with high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and stabilised with a fixed angle plate or circular frame, which may reverse these compensatory adjustments. The aim of this systematic review is to determine the evidence available for static and dynamic compensations with the main objectives being to improve deformity planning and optimise patient outcomes. Method: A systematic review with meta-analysis was designed using the PRISMA template to meet the research aims & objectives. Results: A total of 1006 patients (1020 knees) with acombined mean age of 54.5 years, female:male ratio of 0.9:1 were extracted from 19 included studies. The methodologies of the majority of studies were at high risk of bias according to the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale demonstrating significant heterogeneity. The combined mean change in the HKA axis was 7.7°; MPTA 7.4°; TT, 0.21°; TI 4.56° & AJLO 4° Conclusions: An inverse relationship between ankle and hindfoot alignment in varus deformity of the knee forms the basis of this compensation theory. In cases with a stiff hindfoot which may not revert postoperatively, the reconstructive orthopaedic surgeon may consider angulation with translation HTO, in order to optimise joint alignment and minimise transference of symptoms to the foot and ankle.
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