ArticleCase reports in medicine2024
Immunotherapy-Induced Overlap Syndrome: Myositis, Myasthenia Gravis, and Myocarditis-A Case Series.
Article in Case reports in medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Triple-M syndrome after immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review of cases-early recognition is critical to survival.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Pooled it
- Neurological Adverse Events Associated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors Identified Through Disproportionality Analysis of the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Myositis-Myasthenia Overlap Syndrome After Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Article
- Triple M Syndrome Associated With Concurrent Durvalumab and Olaparib Therapy in Metastatic Cholangiocarcinoma: A Case Report.Case reports in oncological medicine · 2026Article
- Neurological immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: clinical and hematological risk factors.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Smoldering Myocarditis Unmasked by Pembrolizumab-Induced Myositis: Delayed-Onset Double M Syndrome.JACC. Case reports · 2025Article
- Pembrolizumab-induced myasthenia gravis: A rare immune-related adverse event in a patient treated for bladder cancer.Urology case reports · 2025Article
- Article
- Review
- Pembrolizumab-induced myocarditis, myositis, and myasthenia gravis overlap syndrome (IM3OS) treated with Efgartigimod: case report.Immunotherapy · 2025Article
- Management of immune-related myocarditis, myositis and myasthenia gravis (MMM) overlap syndrome: a single institution case series and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- The adverse events of toripalimab in nasopharyngeal carcinoma based on FAERS database and bibliometric analysis.PloS one · 2025Article
- Steroid-Refractory Myocarditis Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Responded to Infliximab: Report of Two Cases and Literature Review.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2024Review
- Myocarditis, Myositis, and Myasthenia Gravis Overlap Syndrome Associated with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Adverse Events of PD-1, PD-L1, CTLA-4, and LAG-3 Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: An Analysis of the FDA Adverse Events Database.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Generation and Accumulation of Various Advanced Glycation End-Products in Cardiomyocytes May Induce Cardiovascular Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Durvalumab-Induced Triple-M Syndrome.European journal of case reports in internal medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are monoclonal antibodies that target immune checkpoint inhibitory receptors. They have revolutionised cancer treatment but can be associated with a wide range of adverse side effects. Rarely, they can be associated with the triad of myositis, myasthenia gravis, and myocarditis or overlap syndrome. Prompt recognition and early intervention are needed to treat these potentially life-threatening conditions. We report a case series of patients with ICI-related overlap syndrome, including the first with avelumab, and discuss the current management guidelines.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.