ArticleDermatology reports2024
Intramuscular
Article in Dermatology reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) is a neurotoxin used for both cosmetic and non-cosmetic purposes. BTA is commonly administered as an intramuscular injection to treat wrinkles. However, when it comes to treating forehead wrinkles, intramuscular injection is associated with a greater rate of ptosis. Intradermal injection is currently thought to be a better alternative. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for research articles published between 1989 and 2023 using the following keywords: "intradermal," "intramuscular," "botulinum toxin," and "forehead wrinkle." The search yielded three randomized controlled trials and a double-blind, split-face case report on 58 patients. We found that although intradermal and intramuscular injections have symmetrical anti-wrinkle effects, the former results in a lower rate of ptosis and a greater degree of pain.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.