ArticleRadiology case reports2024
Direct carotid-cavernous fistula presenting with intracranial hemorrhage without ocular symptoms.
Article in Radiology case reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unusual Venous-Origin Intraparenchymal Hematoma in the Context of a Post-traumatic Carotid-Cavernous Fistula.Cureus · 2025Article
- Transcirculation repair of a direct carotid-cavernous fistula in a patient who presented with hydrocephalus: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Herein, we report a unique case of nontraumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistula presenting with intracerebral hemorrhage without any ocular symptoms. A 90-year-old woman was found unconscious and vomiting due to a subcortical hemorrhage in the temporal lobe. Magnetic resonance angiography revealed a direct carotid-cavernous fistula of Barrow type A. Extensive cortical venous reflux from the superficial middle cerebral vein was observed and identified as a probable contributor to the cerebral hemorrhage. We performed successful embolization using combined transarterial and transvenous approaches. We first occluded the dangerous venous drainage via the transvenous approach, followed by selective occlusion of the direct carotid-cavernous fistula via the transarterial approach. This strategy provided that the dangerous venous drainage was completely occluded first in case complete obliteration could not be achieved with the transarterial approach.
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