Trial reportNature medicine2024
Personalized neoantigen vaccine and pembrolizumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a phase 1/2 trial.
Trial report in Nature medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04251117 (An Open-label, Multi-center, Phase I/IIa Study of a Personalized Neoantigen DNA Vaccine), which is not on this map. Cited by 187 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
An Open-label, Multi-center, Phase I/IIa Study of a Personalized Neoantigen DNA Vaccine (GNOS-PV02) and Plasmid Encoded IL-12 (INO-9012) in Combination With Pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in Subjects With Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Who cites it
187 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 189 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab in the treatment of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- A viral-based individualized neoantigen vaccine as adjuvant treatment in resected head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a randomized Phase I trial.Nature communications · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Nous-209 neoantigen vaccine for cancer prevention in Lynch syndrome carriers: a phase 1b/2 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- An open-label study on the safety and immunogenicity of a PD-1-enhanced DNA vaccine used as a T cell booster for COVID-19.EBioMedicine · 2025Trial
- Immunogenicity of neoantigens from hepatocellular carcinoma patients treated with a combined radioimmunotherapy.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- Development of mRNA vaccines against herpes zoster.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- A bottleneck-first evaluation of antigen delivery platforms for therapeutic cancer vaccines.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Molecular biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, precision therapy, and immunotherapy in cholangiocarcinoma, cHCC-CCA, and HCC.Hepatology communications · 2026Review
- XIAP inhibition augments personalized neoantigen vaccine-driven antitumor immunity in orthotopic hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Self-Assembling Peptide-Adjuvant Conjugate (SaPAC) Platform for Precision Cancer Immunotherapy.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Personalized neoantigen mRNA vaccines for pancreatic cancer: the role of lipid nanoparticle delivery systems.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2026Review
- Neoantigen cancer vaccines for gastrointestinal tumors: opportunities and challenges.MedScience · 2026Review
- Synergistic antitumor immune activation in melanoma using LA-PegPI polymeric gene vaccine in conjunction with PD-1 inhibition.iScience · 2026Article
- Developing neoantigen cancer vaccines: where are we now?Nature communications · 2026Review
- Synthetic long peptide and DNA personalized cancer vaccines induce robust neoantigen-specific T cell responses in pancreatic cancer.Science advances · 2026Article
- Nanomaterial-mediated functional remodeling of antigen-presenting cells: A novel strategy to break tumor immune escape.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Artificial intelligence for translational personalized neoantigen cancer vaccine development.Journal of biomedical science · 2026Review
- From Universal Aspiration to Precision Immunization: A Hypothesis Framework for Antigen-Defined, HLA-Restricted Cancer Vaccines.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Overcoming Drug Resistance by Paclitaxel Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
127 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
20 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) inhibitors have modest efficacy as a monotherapy in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A personalized therapeutic cancer vaccine (PTCV) may enhance responses to PD-1 inhibitors through the induction of tumor-specific immunity. We present results from a single-arm, open-label, phase 1/2 study of a DNA plasmid PTCV (GNOS-PV02) encoding up to 40 neoantigens coadministered with plasmid-encoded interleukin-12 plus pembrolizumab in patients with advanced HCC previously treated with a multityrosine kinase inhibitor. Safety and immunogenicity were assessed as primary endpoints, and treatment efficacy and feasibility were evaluated as secondary endpoints. The most common treatment-related adverse events were injection-site reactions, observed in 15 of 36 (41.6%) patients. No dose-limiting toxicities or treatment-related grade ≥3 events were observed. The objective response rate (modified intention-to-treat) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors 1.1 was 30.6% (11 of 36 patients), with 8.3% (3 of 36) of patients achieving a complete response. Clinical responses were associated with the number of neoantigens encoded in the vaccine. Neoantigen-specific T cell responses were confirmed in 19 of 22 (86.4%) evaluable patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays. Multiparametric cellular profiling revealed active, proliferative and cytolytic vaccine-specific CD4
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.