Trial reportBMC complementary medicine and therapies2024
Comparative effectiveness of Propolis with chlorhexidine mouthwash on gingivitis - a randomized controlled clinical study.
Trial report in BMC complementary medicine and therapies, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04032548 (Comparison of Effectiveness of Propolis Mouthwash on Gingivitis - Randomized Controlled Clinical Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 10 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Comparison of Effectiveness of Propolis Mouthwash on Gingivitis - Randomized Controlled Clinical Study
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Propolis-containing formulations in caries prevention - a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Effect of framed mHealth messages on oral hygiene and quality of life among Sudanese refugees in Egypt: a randomized controlled trial.BMC oral health · 2026Trial
- Comparative effects of hydrogen peroxide (Nanosil) and chlorhexidine mouthwashes on healing and pain after impacted mandibular third molar surgery: a randomized clinical trial.BMC oral health · 2025Trial
- Evaluating the effects of chlorhexidine and vitamin c mouthwash on oral health in non-surgical periodontal therapy: a randomized controlled clinical trial.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Quercetin as a Natural Adjunct in Managing Plaque and Gingivitis in Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Cureus · 2026Article
- Propolis as a Natural Remedy in Reducing Dental Plaque and Gingival Inflammation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Propolis mouthwashes efficacy in managing gingivitis and periodontitis: a systematic review of the latest findings.BDJ open · 2025Article
- The comparative effect of propolis and chlorhexidine mouthwash on oral nitrite-producing bacteria and blood pressure regulation.Journal of oral microbiology · 2025Article
- Changes in vertical skeletal and neuromuscular balance in growing patients treated with AMCOP®: a cephalometric and EMG evaluation.Frontiers in dental medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTo assess and compare the effectiveness of propolis mouthwash with chlorhexidine mouthwash in the reduction of plaque and gingivitis.
methodsA single centre, latin-square cross-over, double masked, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 45 chronic generalized gingivitis subjects who were chosen from the dental clinic of MAHSA University, Malaysia. A total of 45 subjects were randomly assigned into one of the three different groups (n = 15 each) using a computer-generated random allocation sequence: Group A Propolis mouthwash; Group B Chlorhexidine mouthwash; and Group C Placebo mouthwash. Supragingival plaque and gingival inflammation were assessed by full mouth Plaque index (PI) and gingival index (GI) at baseline and after 21 days. The study was divided into three phases, each phase lasted for 21 days separated by a washout period of 15 days in between them. Groups A, B and C were treated with 0.2% Propolis, Chlorhexidine, and Placebo mouthwash, respectively, in phase I. The study subjects were instructed to use the assigned mouthwash twice daily for 1 min for 21 days. On day 22
resultsAt baseline, intergroup comparison revealed no statistically significant difference between Groups A, B and C (p > 0.05). On day 21, one-way ANOVA revealed statistically significant difference between the three groups for PI (p < 0.001) and GI (p < 0.001). Bonferroni post-hoc test showed statistically significant difference between Propolis and Chlorhexidine mouthwash (P < 0.001), with higher reduction in the mean plaque and gingival scores in propolis group compared to chlorhexidine and placebo groups.
conclusionsPropolis mouthwash demonstrated significant improvement in gingival health and plaque reduction. Thus, it could be used as an effective herbal mouthwash alternative to chlorhexidine mouthwash.
trial registrationThe trial was retrospectively registered on 25/07/2019 at clinicaltrials.gov and its identifier is NCT04032548.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.