ReviewThe Lancet. Planetary health2024
Interconnecting global threats: climate change, biodiversity loss, and infectious diseases.
Review in The Lancet. Planetary health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The impact of climate change on airborne and droplet-borne diseases and hospital response measures.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Development, hotspots, and trend directions of research on green production behavior of farmers based on CiteSpace and VOSviewer visual analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- A One Health Gender Equality and Social Inclusion (OH GESI) Framework to strengthen equity goals of One Health implementation tools.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Climate-driven host ecology as a framework for zoonotic disease risk: Understanding transferability across arenavirus systems.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Ultrafine Airborne Particle Deposition and Clearance in an Avian Lung under Ecologically Relevant Conditions.Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Persistence Vulnerability of the African Savanna ElephantEcology and evolution · 2026Article
- Virulent Parasites Emerge in Hosts With Rising Temperatures.Global change biology · 2026Article
- Drivers of bat researchers' intent to adopt field hygiene practices.Conservation biology : the journal of the Society for Conservation Biology · 2026Article
- What evidence exists for the environmental outcomes of nature-based aquaculture systems? a systematic map protocol.Environmental evidence · 2026Article
- Emerging Viral Zoonoses: Epidemiology, Vaccination Strategies, and Implications for Global Public Health.Vaccines · 2026Review
- Long-read nanopore shotgun metagenomic DNA sequencing for river biodiversity, wildlife, pollution, and environmental health monitoring.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Climate change and the global spread of antimicrobial resistance in livestock systems: a comprehensive review.One health outlook · 2026Review
- An Overview of the Genetic Diversity and Epidemiological Potential ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Plant foods biodiversity in national food composition databases - The Italian case.Public health nutrition · 2026Article
- Integrating explainable AI and One Health: a new frontier in combating infectious diseases.EBioMedicine · 2026Review
- Environmental degradation as a recipe for emerging viral diseases: implications for global health.One health outlook · 2026Review
- The future of medicine in a One Health world.PLoS medicine · 2026Article
- The relationship between social networks and pro-environmental behavior: a moderated mediation model.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Implementing the Kunming-Montreal Biodiversity Targets.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Global research trends at the intersection of climate change and parasitic diseases: a systematic bibliometric research (2000-2025).Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The concurrent pressures of rising global temperatures, rates and incidence of species decline, and emergence of infectious diseases represent an unprecedented planetary crisis. Intergovernmental reports have drawn focus to the escalating climate and biodiversity crises and the connections between them, but interactions among all three pressures have been largely overlooked. Non-linearities and dampening and reinforcing interactions among pressures make considering interconnections essential to anticipating planetary challenges. In this Review, we define and exemplify the causal pathways that link the three global pressures of climate change, biodiversity loss, and infectious disease. A literature assessment and case studies show that the mechanisms between certain pairs of pressures are better understood than others and that the full triad of interactions is rarely considered. Although challenges to evaluating these interactions-including a mismatch in scales, data availability, and methods-are substantial, current approaches would benefit from expanding scientific cultures to embrace interdisciplinarity and from integrating animal, human, and environmental perspectives. Considering the full suite of connections would be transformative for planetary health by identifying potential for co-benefits and mutually beneficial scenarios, and highlighting where a narrow focus on solutions to one pressure might aggravate another.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.