Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38579692›Full record

ArticleALTEX2024

Revolutionizing developmental neurotoxicity testing - a journey from animal models to advanced in vitro systems.

Lena Smirnova, Helena T Hogberg, Marcel Leist, Thomas Hartung

Open access · goldAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in ALTEX, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed
8.3field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 13 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Testing Strategies for Metabolite-Mediated Neurotoxicity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Lena SmirnovaJohns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Baltimore, MD, USA.
Helena T HogbergNIH/NIEHS/DTT/NICEATM, Durham, NC, USA.
Marcel LeistCAAT-Europe, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.
Thomas HartungJohns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health and Whiting School of Engineering, Center for Alternatives to Animal Testing (CAAT), Baltimore, MD, USA.
Johns Hopkins University · USNational Institute of Environmental Health Sciences · USUniversity of Konstanz · DE

Funding

GEARs Combining advances in Genomics and Environmental science to accelerate Actionable Research and practice in ASDR01ES034554 · NIEHS · JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY · PI Christine Ladd-Acosta, HEATHER E VOLK · 2022 to 2026
$9.7M
Developmental Neurotoxicity Health Effects Innovation Research ProgramZIAES103387 · NIEHS · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES · PI MCPHERSON, CHRISTOPHER ANTHONY · 2022 to 2025
$5.2M
NIEHS NIH HHS R01 ES034554
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) testing has seen enormous progress over the last two decades. Preceding even the publication of the animal-based OECD test guideline for DNT testing in 2007, a series of non-animal technology workshops and conferences that started in 2005 has shaped a community that has delivered a comprehensive battery of in vitro test methods (DNT IVB). Its data interpretation is now covered by a very recent OECD guidance (No. 377). Here, we overview the progress in the field, focusing on the evolution of testing strategies, the role of emerging technol­ogies, and the impact of OECD test guidelines on DNT testing. In particular, this is an example of the targeted development of an animal-free testing approach for one of the most complex hazards of chemicals to human health. These developments started literally from a blank slate, with no proposed alternative methods available. Over two decades, cutting-edge science enabled the design of a testing approach that spares animals and enables throughput to address this challenging hazard. While it is evident that the field needs guidance and regulation, the massive economic impact of decreased human cognitive capacity caused by chemical exposure should be prioritized more highly. Beyond this, the claim to fame of DNT in vitro testing is the enormous scientific progress it has brought for understanding the human brain, its development, and how it can be perturbed.

Indexed as

Neurotoxicity SyndromesToxicity TestsAnimalsAnimal Testing AlternativesModels, Animal3Rsanimal-free testingnon-animal methodsregulatory testingscience historysystemic toxicity

Identifiers

PMID38579692
PMCPMC12476533
OpenAlexW4393979274

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.