ReviewAmerican journal of human genetics2024
Many roads to a gene-environment interaction.
Review in American journal of human genetics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Gene-Environment Interactions in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Systematic Review of Human Epidemiologic Studies.Journal of Crohn's & colitis · 2025Pooled it
- Pervasive interactions between exposures and polygenic risk can inform more effective clinical and behavioral interventions.Nature genetics · 2026Article
- Discovery and characterization of gene-by-environment and epistatic genetic effects in a vertebrate model.Cell genomics · 2026Article
- Beyond Mendel: a call to revisit the genotype-phenotype map through new experimental paradigms.Genetics · 2026Article
- An atlas of exposome-phenome associations in health and disease risk.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- The geometry of G × E: How scaling and endogenous treatment effects shape interaction direction.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- A biobank-scale method for learning modulators of gene-environment interaction underlying human complex traits from multiple environmental exposures.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Polygenic scores capture genetic modification of the adiposity-cardiometabolic risk factor relationship.Cell genomics · 2026Article
- Article
- Three open questions in polygenic score portability.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Biological aging predicts mortality in Parkinson's patients: evidence from UK Biobank.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2026Article
- Hidden structure in polygenic scores and the challenge of disentangling ancestry interactions in admixed populations.Genetics · 2025Article
- Polygenic Scores and Environmental Factors in Psychiatric Disorders: Gene-Environment Interaction Analyses Using the iPSYCH Study.Research square · 2025Article
- Investigating the role of neighborhood socioeconomic status and germline genetics on prostate cancer risk.HGG advances · 2025Article
- On the relationship between genes and environment.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Polygenic Associations With Educational Attainment in East Versus West Germany: Differences Emerge After Reunification.Psychological science · 2025Article
- Insights from omics research on plant-based diets and cardiometabolic health.Trends in endocrinology and metabolism: TEM · 2025Review
- Review
- Mutual-assistance learning for trustworthy biomarker discovery and disease prediction.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Multi-omics approaches for understanding gene-environment interactions in noncommunicable diseases: techniques, translation, and equity issues.Human genomics · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the importance of gene-environment interactions (GxEs) in improving and operationalizing genetic discovery, interpretation of any GxEs that are discovered can be surprisingly difficult. There are many potential biological and statistical explanations for a statistically significant finding and, likewise, it is not always clear what can be claimed based on a null result. A better understanding of the possible underlying mechanisms leading to a detected GxE can help investigators decide which are and which are not relevant to their hypothesis. Here, we provide a detailed explanation of five "phenomena," or data-generating mechanisms, that can lead to nonzero interaction estimates, as well as a discussion of specific instances in which they might be relevant. We hope that, given this framework, investigators can design more targeted experiments and provide cleaner interpretations of the associated results.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.