ArticleInternational journal of sports physical therapy2024
Quadriceps and Hamstrings Activation Peaks Earlier as Athletes Repeatedly Hop, but There are Differences Depending on ACL Reconstruction Technique.
Article in International journal of sports physical therapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cross-education via contralateral-limb balance training improves gait speed and sagittal-plane knee motion after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: a randomized controlled trial.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Perturbation-evoked cortical responses and altered causal information flow reflect more effortful but less efficient postural control in patients after ACLR.Scientific reports · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (ACLR) athletes face the challenge of regaining their previous competitive level while avoiding re-injury and early knee joint cartilage degeneration. Quadriceps and hamstrings strength reductions and neuromuscular alterations potentially related to risk of re-injury are present after ACLR and relate to deficits in muscle activation. Design: Cross-sectional laboratory study. Purpose: To examine quadriceps and hamstrings muscle activation during repeated hops in healthy pivoting-sport athletes and those who had undergone ACLR (bone-tendon-bone and semitendinosus graft) who had met functional criteria allowing return to training. Methods: Surface electromyography (SEMG) was recorded from vastus medialis and lateralis and medial and lateral hamstrings bilaterally during 30 seconds' repeated hopping in male athletes on average eight months after ACLR surgery (5-12 months). All patients underwent hamstring (HS) (n=24) or bone-tendon-bone (BTB) reconstruction (n=20) and were compared to healthy controls (n=31). The SEMG signals were normalized to those obtained during maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Results: A significant time shift in peak muscle activation (earlier) was seen for: vastus medialis and vastus lateralis activation in the control group, in the BTB group's healthy (but not injured) leg and both legs of the HS group. A significant time shift in peak muscle activation was seen for lateral hamstrings (earlier) in all but the BTB group's injured leg and the medial hamstrings in the control group only. Lower peak activation levels of the vastus lateralis (p\<0.001) and vastus medialis (p\<0.001) were observed in the injured compared to healthy legs and lower peak lateral hamstrings activity (p\<0.009) in the injured leg compared to control leg. Decline in medial hamstring peak activation (p\<0.022) was observed between 1 Conclusion: Repeated hop testing revealed quadriceps and hamstring activation differences within ACLR athletes, and compared to healthy controls, that would be missed with single hop tests. Level of evidence: 3.
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