Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38575980›Full record

ArticleBMC health services research2024

Availability and readiness of healthcare facilities and their effects on antenatal care services uptake in Bangladesh.

Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Md Badsha Alam, Atika Rahman Chowdhury, Md Awal Kabir, Md Mostaured Ali Khan

Open access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMC health services research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
11citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
17.7field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Socioeconomic and Geographical Analysis on Antenatal Care Visits in Indonesia: A Cross-sectional Study.International journal of community based nursing and midwifery · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.

Md Nuruzzaman KhanDepartment of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Namapara, Mymensingh, 2220, Bangladesh.
Md Badsha AlamDepartment of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Namapara, Mymensingh, 2220, Bangladesh.
Atika Rahman ChowdhuryDepartment of Population Science, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Namapara, Mymensingh, 2220, Bangladesh.
Md Awal KabirDepartment of Social Work, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, 6600, Bangladesh.
Md Mostaured Ali KhanMaternal and Child Health Division (MCHD), icddr,b, 68 Shaheed Tajuddin Ahmed Sarani, Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh. mostaured.khan@gmail.com.
Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University · BDInternational Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research · BDPabna University of Science and Technology · BDUniversity of Newcastle Australia · AU

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3.7 aims to ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive healthcare services, where antenatal care (ANC) is a core component. This study aimed to examine the influence of health facility availability and readiness on the uptake of four or more ANC visits in Bangladesh.

methodsThe 2017/18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data were linked with the 2017 Health Facility Survey and analyzed in this study. The associations of health facility-level factors with the recommended number of ANC uptakes were determined. A multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression model was used to determine the association, adjusting for potential confounders.

resultsNearly 44% of mothers reported four or more ANC uptakes, with significant variations across several areas in Bangladesh. The average distance of mothers' homes from the nearest health facilities was 6.36 km, higher in Sylhet division (8.25 km) and lower in Dhaka division (4.45 km). The overall uptake of the recommended number of ANC visits was positively associated with higher scores for the management (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.85; 95% CI, 1.16-2.82) and infrastructure (aOR, 1.59; 95% CI, 1.09-2.19) of health facilities closest to mothers' homes. The odds of using the recommended number of ANC in mothers increased by 3.02 (95% CI, 2.01-4.19) and 2.36 (95% CI, 2.09-3.16) folds for each unit increase in the availability and readiness scores to provide ANC services at the closest health facilities, respectively. Every kilometer increase in the average regional-level distance between mothers' homes and the nearest health facilities reduced the likelihood of receiving the recommended number of ANC visits by nearly 42% (aOR, 0.58, 95% CI, 0.42-0.74).

conclusionThe availability of healthcare facilities close to residence, as well as their improved management, infrastructure, and readiness to provide ANC, plays a crucial role in increasing ANC services uptake. Policies and programs should prioritize increasing the availability, accessibility, and readiness of health facilities to provide ANC services.

Indexed as

Health FacilitiesPrenatal CareBangladeshDelivery of Health CareFemaleHumansMothersPregnancyAntenatal careBangladeshHealthcare facility level factorsLinked data

Identifiers

PMID38575980
PMCPMC10996239
OpenAlexW4393985836

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.