ArticleBlood advances2024
CD4+ CAR T-cell exhaustion associated with early relapse of multiple myeloma after BCMA CAR T-cell therapy.
Article in Blood advances, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Why CD4+ T cells matter in adoptive cell therapy for solid cancers.Immuno-oncology technology · 2026Review
- Review
- Review
- Early deep response to cilta-cel as 2nd CAR T-Cell therapy after CELMoD-based bridging for advanced multiple myeloma.Annals of hematology · 2026Article
- T cell senescence and exhaustion: molecular mechanisms and immune rejuvenation for cancer immunotherapy.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- PD-L1Biomarker research · 2026Article
- Metabolic and functional analysis including repetitive antigen stimulation provides a more accurate assessment for CAR-T cell product quality and long-term functionality.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Spectrum, pathobiology, mechanistic insights and diagnostic challenges of post-CAR T cell therapy lymphoproliferative disorders.Nature reviews. Clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Mapping clinical CAR-T cells: insights from scRNA-seq.Trends in molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Cell-autonomous control of CAR signaling and receptor shedding via ADAM17-mediated proteolysis.Cell · 2026Article
- A single-cell multi-omics assay for simultaneous measurement of vector copy number and protein expression in CAR T cells.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Article
- Engineering bone marrow in a dish-a bloody business: preclinical opportunities, translational use cases, and a call for consensus.Journal of thrombosis and haemostasis : JTH · 2026Review
- Efficacy and safety of durcabtagene autoleucel in a phase 1 trial for patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- Determinants of Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cell Success: In Vitro and In Vivo Preclinical Assessment.Cancers · 2026Review
- Dynamics of BCMA expression in patients with relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma receiving BCMA-directed CAR-T therapy.Blood cancer journal · 2026Article
- Cytotoxic CD4Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Commentary on "Comparative efficacy and safety of PSCA CAR-engineered Vδ1 γδ T cells for immunotherapy of pancreatic cancer".Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Antibody-Drug Conjugates, T-Cell Engager Bispecific Antibodies and Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells for Multiple Myeloma: What's the Current Status?Targeted oncology · 2026Review
- Differential expression of immune activation markers in T cells from patients with multiple myeloma.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
19 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
abstractMultiple myeloma is characterized by frequent clinical relapses after conventional therapy. Recently, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has been established as a treatment option for patients with relapsed or refractory disease. However, although >70% of patients initially respond to this treatment, clinical relapse and disease progression occur in most cases. Recent studies showed persistent expression of BCMA at the time of relapse, indicating that immune-intrinsic mechanisms may contribute to this resistance. Although there were no preexisting T-cell features associated with clinical outcomes, we found that patients with a durable response to CAR T-cell treatment had greater persistence of their CAR T cells than patients with transient clinical responses. They also possessed a significantly higher proportion of CD8+ T-effector memory cells. In contrast, patients with short-lived responses to treatment have increased frequencies of cytotoxic CD4+ CAR T cells. These cells expand in vivo early after infusion but express exhaustion markers (hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 2 [HAVCR2] and T-cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain-containing-3 [TIGIT]) and remain polyclonal. Finally, we demonstrate that nonclassical monocytes are enriched in the myeloma niche and may induce CAR T-cell dysfunction through mechanisms that include transforming growth factor β. These findings shed new light on the role of cytotoxic CD4+ T cells in disease progression after CAR T-cell therapy.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.