ArticleJCI insight2024
Heterogeneous SARS-CoV-2 kinetics due to variable timing and intensity of immune responses.
Article in JCI insight, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Viroimmunologic Model to Characterize the Antiviral Effect of Molnupiravir in Outpatients Infected With SARS-CoV-2: Implication for Treatment Duration.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Transmission of mutated SARS-CoV-2 variants is favored by relatively prolonged infections due to delayed immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Emerging trends in post-COVID immune dysregulation: a narrative review.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Review
- Integrative modelling of innate immune response dynamics during virus infection.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Integrating viral kinetics and population spread in a one health framework to explain variant-specific epidemic dynamics.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Clinical trial simulation of antiviral drugs.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Ordinary differential equation models of SARS-CoV-2 replication dynamics and antiviral drug efficacies.Npj viruses · 2026Review
- Viral evolution during primary infection in immunocompromised hosts.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Modelling the Variability in Immunity Build-Up and Waning Following RNA-Based Vaccination.Viruses · 2025Article
- Post-recovery viral shedding shapes wastewater-based epidemiological inferences.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Modeling suggests SARS-CoV-2 rebound after nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment is driven by target cell preservation coupled with incomplete viral clearance.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- A consensus mathematical model of vaccine-induced antibody dynamics for multiple vaccine platforms and pathogens.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Modelling the effectiveness of antiviral treatment strategies to prevent household transmission of acute respiratory viruses.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Meeting report of the 37th International Conference on Antiviral Research in Gold Coast, Australia, May 20-24, 2024, organized by the International Society for Antiviral Research.Antiviral research · 2024Article
- Within-host dynamics of antiviral treatment with remdesivir for SARS-CoV-2 infection.Journal of the Royal Society, Interface · 2024Article
- Modeling suggests SARS-CoV-2 rebound after nirmatrelvir-ritonavir treatment is driven by target cell preservation coupled with incomplete viral clearance.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- A unifying model to explain frequent SARS-CoV-2 rebound after nirmatrelvir treatment and limited prophylactic efficacy.Nature communications · 2024Article
- A mathematical model for the within-host (re)infection dynamics of SARS-CoV-2.Mathematical biosciences · 2024Article
- A unifying model to explain high nirmatrelvir therapeutic efficacy against SARS-CoV-2, despite low post-exposure prophylaxis efficacy and frequent viral rebound.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The viral kinetics of documented SARS-CoV-2 infections exhibit a high degree of interindividual variability. We identified 6 distinct viral shedding patterns, which differed according to peak viral load, duration, expansion rate, and clearance rate, by clustering data from 768 infections in the National Basketball Association cohort. Omicron variant infections in previously vaccinated individuals generally led to lower cumulative shedding levels of SARS-CoV-2 than other scenarios. We then developed a mechanistic mathematical model that recapitulated 1,510 observed viral trajectories, including viral rebound and cases of reinfection. Lower peak viral loads were explained by a more rapid and sustained transition of susceptible cells to a refractory state during infection as well as by an earlier and more potent late, cytolytic immune response. Our results suggest that viral elimination occurs more rapidly during Omicron infection, following vaccination, and following reinfection due to enhanced innate and acquired immune responses. Because viral load has been linked with COVID-19 severity and transmission risk, our model provides a framework for understanding the wide range of observed SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.