ArticleSpine deformity2024
Autofusion in early-onset scoliosis growing constructs: occurrence, risk factors, and impacts.
Article in Spine deformity, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Radiological and surgical outcomes after graduation to posterior spinal fusion surgery following magnetically controlled growing rod treatment for early-onset scoliosis: a systematic review and single-arm meta-analysis.European journal of orthopaedic surgery & traumatology : orthopedie traumatologie · 2026Pooled it
- Outcomes of retained growing rods without final fusion in early-onset scoliosis: What happened after graduation?European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Clinical efficacy of dual growing rods technique with preoperative halo-femoral traction in the treatment of early onset scoliosis.Spine deformity · 2026Article
- Shilla growth guidance system (SGGS) instrumentation with pelvic foundation for severe early-onset neuromuscular spine deformity.Spine deformity · 2026Article
- Final Fusion Strategies in Early-Onset Scoliosis: Does Implant Density Make a Difference After Magnetically Controlled Growing Rod Treatment?Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Complications and Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Various Etiologies of Early-Onset Scoliosis Treated with Magnetically Controlled Growing Rods-A Multicenter Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Minimally Invasive Controlled Growing Rods for the Surgical Treatment of Early-Onset Scoliosis-A Surgical Technique Video.Journal of personalized medicine · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposesAutofusion (AF) during growing rod (GR) instrumentation for early-onset scoliosis (EOS) has been reported, but AF incidence, causation, and clinical implications remain unknown. This article aims to (1) quantify frequency and severity of AF, (2) determine risk factors for AF, and (3) assess the influence of AF on final curve correction and spinal lengthening.
methodsEOS patients were prospectively enrolled (2016-2021). Patients underwent evaluation, GR implantation, lengthenings, and posterior spinal fusion (PSF). Cobb angle and spinal length measurements were collected. AF was assessed and graded, with grades I-II being low-grade and III-V being high-grade. Exposure analysis quantified risk factors' impact via odds ratios and Pearson regression correlates. Statistical significance was p ≤ 0.05 or ≥ 0.95.
results28 patients, with variable EOS diagnoses, were included. On average, GR were implanted at 8.54-year-old and lengthened over 4.66 years. 53.6% of patients received magnetically controlled GR (MCGR) and 46.4% traditional GR (TGR). The average construct bridged 13.4 levels. Over the lengthening period, for all indications, patients averaged 2.9 total open procedures. Curves corrected from 68.5º preoperatively to 35.3º after index GR to 35.6º after PSF. Spinal length increased from 30.0 cm preoperatively to 33.9 cm after index GR to 39.5 cm after PSF. AF grading was: 28.6% Grade I, 25.0% Grade II, 17.9% Grade III, 25.0% Grade IV, and 3.6% Grade V. Idiopathic EOS tended to have lower AF grades (p = 0.37). AF risk factors included GR age < 8 (10.4×, p = 0.01), any interval open procedures (6.3×, p = 0.05), and residual curve > 30º after index GR (13.7×, p = 0.02). Protective factors included preoperative spinal length of > 30.0 cm (0.11×, p = 0.01) and index MCGR (0.16×, p = 0.03). Maintenance of Cobb angles from index GR through PSF was relatively better in low-grade patients (p = 0.08). Spinal length gained was no different between low- and high-grade AF (p = 0.50).
conclusionsThis largest-to-date evaluation found AF is nearly ubiquitous in GR constructs, but with variable severity. Both risk factors and protective factors coincide with AF. Ultimately, even in high-grade AF, curve correction was maintained, and spinal lengthening was achieved. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II-prospective cohort study.
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