ArticleeLife2024
ROCK and the actomyosin network control biomineral growth and morphology during sea urchin skeletogenesis.
Article in eLife, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 4 citations in OpenAlex.
- BMP signaling regulates dorsal skeletal growth in the sea urchin embryo.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Possible role of microtubules in vesicular transport of matrix protein during sea urchin larval biomineralization.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2026Article
- Skeletogenic Expression of Integrin Alpha, Talin and Npnt Genes and Npnt Role in Sea Urchin Skeletogenesis.Journal of experimental zoology. Part B, Molecular and developmental evolution · 2026Article
- Regulatory feedback between VEGF and ERK pathways controls tip-cell expression during sea urchin skeletogenesis.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2025Article
- Microtubule organization and tubulin post-translational modifications in intact tissues and during regeneration in calcareous sponges.Cell and tissue research · 2025Article
- A mechanosensitive circuit of FAK, ROCK, and ERK controls biomineral growth and morphology in the sea urchin embryo.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Developmental effects of sulfated thyroid hormones in sea urchin skeletogenesis suggest activation of non-canonical thyroid hormone signaling pathway.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Stable germline transgenesis using the Minos Tc1/mariner element in the sea urchin Lytechinus pictus.Development (Cambridge, England) · 2024Article
- Transcription of microRNAs is regulated by developmental signaling pathways and transcription factors.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Biomineralization had apparently evolved independently in different phyla, using distinct minerals, organic scaffolds, and gene regulatory networks (GRNs). However, diverse eukaryotes from unicellular organisms, through echinoderms to vertebrates, use the actomyosin network during biomineralization. Specifically, the actomyosin remodeling protein, Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) regulates cell differentiation and gene expression in vertebrates' biomineralizing cells, yet, little is known on ROCK's role in invertebrates' biomineralization. Here, we reveal that ROCK controls the formation, growth, and morphology of the calcite spicules in the sea urchin larva. ROCK expression is elevated in the sea urchin skeletogenic cells downstream of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) signaling. ROCK inhibition leads to skeletal loss and disrupts skeletogenic gene expression. ROCK inhibition after spicule formation reduces the spicule elongation rate and induces ectopic spicule branching. Similar skeletogenic phenotypes are observed when ROCK is inhibited in a skeletogenic cell culture, indicating that these phenotypes are due to ROCK activity specifically in the skeletogenic cells. Reduced skeletal growth and enhanced branching are also observed under direct perturbations of the actomyosin network. We propose that ROCK and the actomyosin machinery were employed independently, downstream of distinct GRNs, to regulate biomineral growth and morphology in Eukaryotes.
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