ReviewFrontiers in medicine2024
Sex-differences in COPD: from biological mechanisms to therapeutic considerations.
Review in Frontiers in medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Underrepresentation of Women in COPD Pharmacologic Trials Relative to Disease Burden: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Pooled it
- COPD burden trends in China and G20 countries from GBD 2023 and Mendelian randomization.iScience · 2026Article
- Short-term inspiratory muscle training, aerobic exercise, and detraining in women with COPD: a randomized controlled trial.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Serum 8-OHdG as a Marker of Oxidative DNA Damage in Acute Exacerbations of COPD: Associations with GOLD Stage and Smoking Status-A Cross Sectional Study.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Long-Term Survival of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients following Initiation of Home Noninvasive Ventilation after Acute Hospitalization due to Respiratory Failure.Respiration; international review of thoracic diseases · 2026Article
- Inspiratory Muscle Training for Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Narrative Review.Cureus · 2026Review
- Early alteration of single-breath nitrogen washout (ΔN₂/L) in smokers with preserved spirometry: Association with smoking burden.Multidisciplinary respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Long-Term Exposure to Air Pollution and Incidence of Parkinson's Disease: A Danish Nationwide Administrative Cohort Study.Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society · 2026Article
- Comparative risk of pneumonia and acute exacerbation between P-CAB and PPI use in patients with COPD and GERD.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- Construction of a prediction model for depression risk in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease based on machine learning algorithms and analysis of influencing factors.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Demographic trends and mortality disparities in emphysema across the United States (1999-2023): a retrospective population-based study using CDC WONDER database.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026Article
- Epithelial cells in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations: Targets for lung repair.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Sex and Gender in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Does It Matter?Journal of personalized medicine · 2026Review
- Sex-Based Differences in Noncommunicable Diseases in Older Adults: Raising the Profile of Older Females.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Lung Immunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Integrating behavioral health into pulmonary medicine: a call to action.BMC health services research · 2026Article
- The importance of mechanical forces in chronic respiratory diseases.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Real-World Long-Term Outcomes of Triple Therapy Following Hospitalization for Acute Exacerbation of COPD: A Retrospective Cohort Study.International journal of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease · 2026Article
- Sex, hormones, and lung health.Physiological reviews · 2026Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a heterogeneous respiratory condition characterized by symptoms of dyspnea, cough, and sputum production. We review sex-differences in disease mechanisms, structure-function-symptom relationships, responses to therapies, and clinical outcomes in COPD with a specific focus on dyspnea. Females with COPD experience greater dyspnea and higher morbidity compared to males. Imaging studies using chest computed tomography scans have demonstrated that females with COPD tend to have smaller airways than males as well as a lower burden of emphysema. Sex-differences in lung and airway structure lead to critical respiratory mechanical constraints during exercise at a lower absolute ventilation in females compared to males, which is largely explained by sex differences in maximum ventilatory capacity. Females experience similar benefit with respect to inhaled COPD therapies, pulmonary rehabilitation, and smoking cessation compared to males. Ongoing re-assessment of potential sex-differences in COPD may offer insights into the evolution of patterns of care and clinical outcomes in COPD patients over time.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.