SynthesisFrontiers in immunology2024
Causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and autoimmune thyroid disease: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Autoimmune thyroiditis and comorbid autoimmune diseases: global research landscape and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Role of interleukin 17 and T helper cells 17 cells as a new immune target and signalling in the pathogenesis and treatment of autoimmune thyroid diseases.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Autoimmune thyroid disease and human health: a systematic review of Mendelian randomization studies.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Artificial Sweeteners and Autoimmune Diseases: Insights From Integrative Bioinformatics and Mendelian Randomization.Food science & nutrition · 2026Article
- Pragmatic Use of Thyroid Autoantibodies in Clinical Practice: An Update.TouchREVIEWS in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Exploring promising biomarkers based on pathogenic mechanisms in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Immune microenvironment dynamics in pregnant patients with concomitant autoimmune diseases: mechanisms, challenges, and clinical significance.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Integrating genomic structural equation modeling and experimental validation to unravel the genetic basis of male genital lichen sclerosus.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Exploring Causal Links Between 91 Circulating Inflammatory Proteins and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.Mediators of inflammation · 2026Article
- Abnormal Elevation of the Expression of Costimulatory Molecule CD226 in Graves' DiseaseEndocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2026Article
- Hashimoto's thyroiditis: from pathogenesis to clinical management.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- The influence of immune factors on bone metabolism in autoimmune thyroid diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Sphingolipid Metabolism in the Pathogenesis of Hashimoto's Thyroiditis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Investigating the relationship between intestinal microbiota and Th1/Th2/Th17 imbalance in subclinical hypothyroidism during the first half of pregnancy: a multi-omics approach.Gut pathogens · 2025Article
- Immunomodulatory Effects ofNutrients · 2025Article
- Mendelian randomization analysis reveals causal roles of inflammatory cytokines in thyroid cancer pathogenesis.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Hub genes and key pathways of Graves' disease: bioinformatics analysis and validation.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2025Article
- Ketogenic Diet and Thyroid Function: A Delicate Metabolic Balancing Act.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Association between monocyte to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and thyroid function: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comprehensive Overview of Cytokine Interplay in Vitiligo: A Decade of Meta-Analyses Systematically Reviewed.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) ranks among the most prevalent thyroid diseases, with inflammatory cytokines playing a decisive role in its pathophysiological process. However, the causal relationship between the inflammatory cytokines and AITD remains elusive. Methods: A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to elucidate the causal connection between AITD and 41 inflammatory cytokines. Genetic variations associated with inflammatory cytokines were sourced from the FinnGen biobank, whereas a comprehensive meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWASs) yielded data on Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto thyroiditis. Regarding the MR analysis, the inverse variance-weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median methods were utilized. Additionally, sensitivity analysis was conducted using MR-Egger regression, MR-pleiotropy residual sum, and outliers. Results: Seven causal associations were identified between inflammatory cytokines and AITD. High levels of tumor necrosis factor-β and low levels of stem cell growth factor-β were indicative of a higher risk of GD. In contrast, high levels of interleukin-12p70 (IL-12p70), IL-13, and interferon-γ and low levels of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and TNF-α suggested a higher risk of HD. Moreover, 14 causal associations were detected between AITD and inflammatory cytokines. GD increases the levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β, MCP-1, monokine induced by interferon-γ (MIG), interferon γ-induced protein 10 (IP-10), stromal cell-derived factor-1α, platelet-derived growth factor BB, β-nerve growth factor, IL-2ra, IL-4, and IL-17 in blood, whereas HD increases the levels of MIG, IL-2ra, IP-10, and IL-16 levels. Conclusion: Our bidirectional MR analysis revealed a causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and AITD. These findings offer valuable insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AITD.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.