Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38569658›Full record

ReviewBMJ global health2024

Interventions to address antimicrobial resistance: an ethical analysis of key tensions and how they apply in low- income and middle-income countries.

Sunil Pokharel, Bipin Adhikari, Tess Johnson, Phaik Yeong Cheah

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in BMJ global health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Sunil PokharelNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Bipin AdhikariNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Tess JohnsonEthox Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Phaik Yeong CheahNuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK Phaikyeong@tropmedres.ac.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6327-3266

Funding

Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health and one health problem. Efforts to mitigate the problem of AMR are challenging to implement due to unresolved ethical tensions. We present an in-depth ethical analysis of tensions that might hinder efforts to address AMR. First, there is a tension between access and excess in the current population: addressing lack of access requires facilitating use of antimicrobials for some populations, while addressing excessive use for other populations. Second, there is a tension between personal interests and a wider, shared interest in curbing AMR. These personal interests can be viewed from the perspective of individuals seeking care and healthcare providers whose livelihoods depend on using or selling antimicrobials and who profit from the sales and use of antimicrobials. Third, there is a tension between the interests of current populations and the interests of future generations. Last, there is a tension between addressing immediate health threats such as pandemics, and AMR as a 'silent', chronic threat. For each of these tensions, we apply 'descriptive ethics' methods that draw from existing evidence and our experiences living and working in low-income and middle-income countries to highlight how these ethical tensions apply in such settings.

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Infective AgentsDeveloping CountriesDrug Resistance, BacterialEthical AnalysisHumansAnti-Bacterial AgentsAnti-Infective AgentsInfections, diseases, disorders, injuriesPublic Health

Identifiers

PMID38569658
PMCPMC11002359

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.