ArticleDiscovery immunology2023
Diversification of immunoglobulin genes by gene conversion in the domestic chicken (
Article in Discovery immunology, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Mechanisms of probiotic action in poultry gut: Colonization resistance, bioactive metabolites, quorum sensing activity, and immunomodulation.Poultry science · 2026Review
- Identification of gene conversion events in horse IGHV suggests preferential hotspots for diversification.Immunogenetics · 2026Article
- Unique chicken B cell development: species-specific mechanisms and contradictory requirements of B cell receptor for post-hatched B cell development.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Multidimensional regulatory mechanisms of chicken immunity: focus on viral infection, intestinal microbiota and heat stress.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Review
- Review
- Article
- Balancing the Affinity and Tumor Cell Binding of a Two-in-One Antibody Simultaneously Targeting EGFR and PD-L1.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- B cell profiles, antibody repertoire and reactivity reveal dysregulated responses with autoimmune features in melanoma.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Chickens, more than humans, focus the diversity of their immunoglobulin genes on the complementarity-determining region but utilise amino acids, indicative of a more cross-reactive antibody repertoire.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sustainable modern poultry production depends on effective protection against infectious diseases and a diverse range of antibodies is key for an effective immune response. In the domestic chicken, somatic gene conversion is the dominant process in which the antibody immunoglobulin genes are diversified. Affinity maturation by somatic hypermutation (SHM) also occurs, but the relative contribution of gene conversion versus somatic hypermutation to immunoglobulin (Ig) gene diversity is poorly understood. In this study, we use high throughput long-read sequencing to study immunoglobulin diversity in multiple immune-associated tissues in Rhode Island Red chickens. To better understand the impact of genetic diversification in the chicken, a novel gene conversion identification software was developed (BrepConvert). In this study, BrepConvert enabled the identification of over 1 million gene conversion events. Mapping the occurrence of putative somatic gene conversion (SGC) events throughout the variable gene region revealed repetitive and highly restricted patterns of genetic insertions in both the antibody heavy and light chains. These patterns coincided with the locations of genetic variability in available pseudogenes and align with antigen binding sites, predominately the complementary determining regions (CDRs). We found biased usage of pseudogenes during gene conversion, as well as immunoglobulin heavy chain diversity gene (IGHD) preferences during V(D)J gene rearrangement, suggesting that antibody diversification in chickens is more focused than the genetic potential for diversity would suggest.
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Registered trials
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