Evidence map›Paper›PMID 38565532›Full record

ArticleNature communications2024

In-depth correlation analysis between tear glucose and blood glucose using a wireless smart contact lens.

Wonjung Park, Hunkyu Seo, Jeongho Kim, Yeon-Mi Hong, Hayoung Song, Byung Jun Joo, Sumin Kim, Enji Kim, Che-Gyem Yae, Jeonghyun Kim and 6 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
44citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

44 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Contemporary Research Questions in the Field of Contact Lenses and Where to Next?Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists) · 2026
    Review
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  19. Advances in Soft Mechanocaloric Materials.Advanced functional materials · 2026
    Article
  20. Smart contact lenses: recent advances and future challenges in eye disease diagnosis and treatment.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2026
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Wonjung Park *Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0795-8097
Hunkyu Seo *Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1509-9766
Jeongho Kim *Cell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
Yeon-Mi HongDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
Hayoung SongDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6026-3094
Byung Jun JooDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
Sumin KimDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3117-7293
Enji KimDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4934-8951
Che-Gyem YaeDepartment of Ophthalmology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
Jeonghyun KimDepartment of Electronics Convergence Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3090-1435
Jonghwa JinDepartment of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea.
Joohee KimCenter for Bionics, Biomedical Research Division Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Republic of Korea. joohee710610@kist.re.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0294-9565
Yong-Ho LeeDepartment of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. yholee@yuhs.ac.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6219-4942
Jayoung KimDepartment of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. jayoungkim@yonsei.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2946-8478
Hong Kyun KimCell and Matrix Research Institute, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41944, Republic of Korea. okeye@knu.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-9283-3506
Jang-Ung ParkDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. jang-ung@yonsei.ac.kr.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1522-4958

Funding

Ministry of Health and Welfare (Ministry of Health, Welfare and Family Affairs) HR18C001202National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) 2021R1A2C2013939National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) 2022R1A5A6000846National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) 2023R1A2C2006257National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) IBS-R026-D1National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) KMDF RS-2022-00141392
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Tears have emerged as a promising alternative to blood for diagnosing diabetes. Despite increasing attempts to measure tear glucose using smart contact lenses, the controversy surrounding the correlation between tear glucose and blood glucose still limits the clinical usage of tears. Herein, we present an in-depth investigation of the correlation between tear glucose and blood glucose using a wireless and soft smart contact lens for continuous monitoring of tear glucose. This smart contact lens is capable of quantitatively monitoring the tear glucose levels in basal tears excluding the effect of reflex tears which might weaken the relationship with blood glucose. Furthermore, this smart contact lens can provide an unprecedented level of continuous tear glucose data acquisition at sub-minute intervals. These advantages allow the precise estimation of lag time, enabling the establishment of the concept called 'personalized lag time'. This demonstration considers individual differences and is successfully applied to both non-diabetic and diabetic humans, as well as in animal models, resulting in a high correlation.

Indexed as

Contact Lenses, HydrophilicDiabetes MellitusAnimalsBlood GlucoseGlucoseHumansTearsBlood GlucoseGlucose

Identifiers

PMID38565532
PMCPMC10987615

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.