ArticleJournal of neurosurgery2024
Quantitative noninvasive measurement of cerebrospinal fluid flow in shunted hydrocephalus.
Article in Journal of neurosurgery, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- Digital Twins as the Implementation Layer of Precision Medicine in Pediatric Neurosurgery.Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society · 2026Review
- Development and evaluation of an automated phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging algorithm for pediatric and adult cerebral blood flow measurement.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- Noninvasive Measurement of Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow in Shunted Hydrocephalus: Protocol for Scanner Calibration and Multisite Data Collection.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- Using phase-contrast MRI to assist in assessment of shunt function following postoperative intraventricular hemorrhage: illustrative case.Journal of neurosurgery. Case lessons · 2026Article
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Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveStandard MRI protocols lack a quantitative sequence that can be used to evaluate shunt-treated patients with a history of hydrocephalus. The objective of this study was to investigate the use of phase-contrast MRI (PC-MRI), a quantitative MR sequence, to measure CSF flow through the shunt and demonstrate PC-MRI as a useful adjunct in the clinical monitoring of shunt-treated patients.
methodsThe rapid (96 seconds) PC-MRI sequence was calibrated using a flow phantom with known flow rates ranging from 0 to 24 mL/hr. Following phantom calibration, 21 patients were scanned with the PC-MRI sequence. Multiple, successive proximal and distal measurements were gathered in 5 patients to test for measurement error in different portions of the shunt system and to determine intrapatient CSF flow variability. The study also includes the first in vivo validations of PC-MRI for CSF shunt flow by comparing phase-contrast-measured flow rate with CSF accumulation in a collection burette obtained in patients with externalized distal shunts.
resultsThe PC-MRI sequence successfully measured CSF flow rates ranging from 6 to 54 mL/hr in 21 consecutive pediatric patients. Comparison of PC-MRI flow measurement and CSF volume collected in a bedside burette showed good agreement in a patient with an externalized distal shunt. Notably, the distal portion of the shunt demonstrated lower measurement error when compared with PC-MRI measurements acquired in the proximal catheter.
conclusionsThe PC-MRI sequence provided accurate and reliable clinical measurements of CSF flow in shunt-treated patients. This work provides the necessary framework to include PC-MRI as an immediate addition to the clinical setting in the noninvasive evaluation of shunt function and in future clinical investigations of CSF physiology.
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Registered trials
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