ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
B-cell targeted therapies in autoimmune encephalitis: mechanisms, clinical applications, and therapeutic potential.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for autoimmune diseases of the central nervous system: a systematic literature review.Journal of neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Translating B-Cell and Plasma-Cell Targeting from Oncology to Autoimmunity: Modalities, Quantitative Bridging, and a Development Roadmap.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026Review
- Telitacicept as a potential therapeutic alternative in autoantibody-negative probable autoimmune encephalitis: a case report.BMC neurology · 2026Article
- CAR T-Cell Immunotherapy in Neuroautoimmune Diseases: Focus on the Central Nervous System.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Case Report: Sequential FcRn blockade and B-cell depletion for treatment-refractory relapsing autoimmune encephalitis: a three-patient case series.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy and Autoimmune Diseases in the Nervous System.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Intrathecal treatment of Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate receptor encephalitis: a promising approach for refractory cases.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Review
- Efficacy and safety of blood purification in the treatment of autoimmune encephalitis: a meta-analysis.American journal of translational research · 2025Article
- Development of a prediction model integrating PD-1 and ICOS for early differential diagnosis between autoimmune and viral encephalitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Abnormal CSF-Specific OCBs in Neuronal Surface Antibody-Associated Autoimmune Encephalitis Differentiating from Viral Encephalitis.Journal of inflammation research · 2025Article
- Successful sequential treatment with ofatumumab followed by efgartigimod for refractory autoimmune encephalitis with dual anti-NMDAR and anti-GFAP antibody positivity: first case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Recent advances in autoimmune encephalitis.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoimmune encephalitis (AE) broadly refers to inflammation of the brain parenchyma mediated by autoimmune mechanisms. In most patients with AE, autoantibodies against neuronal cell surface antigens are produced by B-cells and induce neuronal dysfunction through various mechanisms, ultimately leading to disease progression. In recent years, B-cell targeted therapies, including monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, have been widely used in autoimmune diseases. These therapies decrease autoantibody levels in patients and have shown favorable results. This review summarizes the mechanisms underlying these two B-cell targeted therapies and discusses their clinical applications and therapeutic potential in AE. Our research provides clinicians with more treatment options for AE patients whose conventional treatments are not effective.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.