ArticleBiomedical engineering online2024
Noninvasive spinal stimulation improves walking in chronic stroke survivors: a proof-of-concept case series.
Article in Biomedical engineering online, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03714282 (Locomotor Function Following Transcutaneous Electrical Spinal Cord Stimulation in Individuals With Hemiplegic Stroke), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Locomotor Function Following Transcutaneous Electrical Spinal Cord Stimulation in Individuals With Hemiplegic Stroke
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Electromyography (EMG)-triggered transcutaneous spinal cord and hip stimulation for gait rehabilitation in persons with chronic stroke: a randomized, controlled trial.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Trial
- The effects of electrode configuration and location on motor thresholds, tolerance, and muscle selectivity of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation in stroke.Journal of neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Review
- Reopening Motor Learning Windows: Targeted Re-Engagement of Latent Pathways via Non-Invasive Neuromodulation.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Improving muscle recruitment via multi-electrode transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation using automated selectivity-driven algorithms.APL bioengineering · 2026Article
- Characteristics of posterior root reflexes evoked by transcutaneous spinal stimulation with various pulse durations.Journal of neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Noninvasive spatiotemporal spinal neuromodulation targeting dorsal roots improves paretic leg motor control during walking in persons with stroke.Journal of neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Non-Invasive Cervical Spinal Stimulation and Respiratory Recovery After Spinal Cord Injury: A Randomized Controlled Trial with a Partial Crossover Design.Brain sciences · 2025Article
- Transcutaneous spinal stimulation paired with visual feedback facilitates retention of improved weight transfer toward the affected side in people post-stroke.Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation · 2025Article
- Grid-based transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation: probing neuromodulatory effect in spinal flexion reflex circuits.Journal of neural engineering · 2025Article
- Article
- The effects of stimulation waveform and carrier frequency on tolerance and motor thresholds elicited by transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation in stroke.Clinical neurophysiology practice · 2025Article
- Article
- Multimodal Machine Learning to Personalize Transcutaneous Spinal Cord Stimulation for Stroke Rehabilitation.Digital biomarkersArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAfter stroke, restoring safe, independent, and efficient walking is a top rehabilitation priority. However, in nearly 70% of stroke survivors asymmetrical walking patterns and reduced walking speed persist. This case series study aims to investigate the effectiveness of transcutaneous spinal cord stimulation (tSCS) in enhancing walking ability of persons with chronic stroke.
methodsEight participants with hemiparesis after a single, chronic stroke were enrolled. Each participant was assigned to either the Stim group (N = 4, gait training + tSCS) or Control group (N = 4, gait training alone). Each participant in the Stim group was matched to a participant in the Control group based on age, time since stroke, and self-selected gait speed. For the Stim group, tSCS was delivered during gait training via electrodes placed on the skin between the spinous processes of C5-C6, T11-T12, and L1-L2. Both groups received 24 sessions of gait training over 8 weeks with a physical therapist providing verbal cueing for improved gait symmetry. Gait speed (measured from 10 m walk test), endurance (measured from 6 min walk test), spatiotemporal gait symmetries (step length and swing time), as well as the neurophysiological outcomes (muscle synergy, resting motor thresholds via spinal motor evoked responses) were collected without tSCS at baseline, completion, and 3 month follow-up.
resultsAll four Stim participants sustained spatiotemporal symmetry improvements at the 3 month follow-up (step length: 17.7%, swing time: 10.1%) compared to the Control group (step length: 1.1%, swing time 3.6%). Additionally, 3 of 4 Stim participants showed increased number of muscle synergies and/or lowered resting motor thresholds compared to the Control group.
conclusionsThis study provides promising preliminary evidence that using tSCS as a therapeutic catalyst to gait training may increase the efficacy of gait rehabilitation in individuals with chronic stroke. Trial registration NCT03714282 (clinicaltrials.gov), registration date: 2018-10-18.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.