ArticleThe journal of headache and pain2024
Increased CX3CL1 in cerebrospinal fluid and ictal serum t-tau elevations in migraine: results from a cross-sectional exploratory case-control study.
Article in The journal of headache and pain, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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15 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Distinct inflammatory profiles across migraine states: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Pooled it
- Review
- Multimodal serum and MRI signatures of neuroaxonal injury in high-frequency migraine.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Plasma proteomics identifies proteins and pathways associated with incident migraine in 50,668 adults.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Article
- Targeting glial-orchestrated neuroinflammation in migraine pathophysiology.The journal of headache and pain · 2026Review
- Mitochondrial dysfunction in the spinal cord contributes to peripheral hypersensitivity in a nitroglycerin-induced migraine model.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Association of Serum CX3CL1 and TSLP Expression with Postoperative Pain Severity in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Prospective Study.Journal of pain research · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammatory and Redox Responses in a Rat Model of NTG-Induced Migraine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The emerging role of epigenetic regulation in pain sensitization associated with headache disorders.The journal of headache and pain · 2025Review
- Evidence for brain glial activity in chronic migraine patients: a [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Article
- GFAP as a marker of astrocytic damage correlated with medication overuse in migraine.Immunologic research · 2025Article
- Plasma levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein and neurofilament light chain in patients with chronic migraine: a multicenter case-control study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Neuroimmune interactions in the development and chronification of migraine headache.Trends in neurosciences · 2024Review
- Inflammatory response of leptomeninges to a single cortical spreading depolarization.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Article
- Occurrence of new or more severe headaches following COVID-19 is associated with markers of microglial activation and peripheral sensitization: results from a prospective cohort study.The journal of headache and pain · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo date, migraine is diagnosed exclusively based on clinical criteria, but fluid biomarkers are desirable to gain insight into pathophysiological processes and inform clinical management. We investigated the state-dependent profile of fluid biomarkers for neuroaxonal damage and microglial activation as two potentially relevant aspects in human migraine pathophysiology.
methodsThis exploratory study included serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples of patients with migraine during the headache phase (ictally) (n = 23), between attacks (interictally) (n = 16), and age/sex-matched controls (n = 19). Total Tau (t-Tau) protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), ubiquitin carboxy-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were measured with the Neurology 4-plex kit on a Single Molecule Array SR-X Analyzer (Simoa® SR-X, Quanterix Corp., Lexington, MA). Markers of microglial activation, C-X3-C motif chemokine ligand 1 (CX3CL1) and soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), were assessed using an immunoassay.
resultsConcentrations of CX3CL1 but not sTREM2 were significantly increased both ictally and interictally in CSF but not in serum in comparison to the control cohort (p = 0.039). ROC curve analysis provided an AUC of 0.699 (95% CI 0.563 to 0.813, p = 0.007). T-Tau in serum but not in CSF was significantly increased in samples from patients taken during the headache phase, but not interictally (effect size: η DISCUSSION: CX3CL1 in CSF is a novel potential fluid biomarker of migraine that is unrelated to the headache status. Serum t-Tau is linked to the headache phase but not interictal migraine. These data need to be confirmed in a larger hypothesis-driven prospective study.
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