ArticleNeurocritical care2024
Association of Serum Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor with 3-Month Poor Outcome and Malignant Cerebral Edema in Patients with Large Hemispheric Infarction.
Article in Neurocritical care, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intracranial Mitochondrial Microparticles Promote Cerebral Edema via Endothelial Injury in Stroke.Translational stroke research · 2026Observational
- Tracing Inflammation in Ischemic Stroke: Biomarkers and Clinical Insight.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Time-varying association between blood pressure and malignant brain edema after large hemispheric infarction: a prospective cohort study.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- NO-releasing double-crosslinked responsive hydrogels accelerate the treatment and repair of ischemic stroke.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe aimed to investigate the associations of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), toll-like receptors 2 and 4 (TLR2/4), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) with 3-month poor outcome, death, and malignant cerebral edema (MCE) in patients with large hemispheric infarction (LHI).
methodsPatients with LHI within 24 h of onset were enrolled consecutively. Serum MIF, TLR2/4, and MMP9 concentrations on admission were measured. Poor outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of ≥ 3 at 3 months. MCE was defined as a decreased level of consciousness, anisocoria and midline shift > 5 mm or basal cistern effacement, or indications for decompressive craniectomy during hospitalization. The cutoff values for MIF/MMP9 were obtained from the receiver operating characteristic curve.
resultsOf the 130 patients with LHI enrolled, 90 patients (69.2%) had 3-month poor outcome, and MCE occurred in 55 patients (42.3%). Patients with serum MIF concentrations ≤ 7.82 ng/mL for predicting 3-month poor outcome [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.827, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.144-6.990, p = 0.024] also distinguished death (adjusted OR 4.329, 95% CI 1.841-10.178, p = 0.001). Similarly, MMP9 concentrations ≤ 46.56 ng/mL for predicting 3-month poor outcome (adjusted OR 2.814, 95% CI 1.236-6.406, p = 0.014) also distinguished 3-month death (adjusted OR 3.845, 95% CI 1.534-9.637, p = 0.004).
conclusionsLower serum MIF and MMP9 concentrations at an early stage were independently associated with 3-month poor outcomes and death in patients with LHI. These findings need further confirmation in larger sample studies.
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