ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2024
Tuberculosis-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: Diagnostic Challenges and Determinants of Outcome.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Inflammation Precedes Paradoxical Reactions in HIV-Negative Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Context-specific roles for IL-17 in tuberculosis.PLoS pathogens · 2026Review
- A 70-Year-Old Woman Receiving Immunosuppressive Therapy Presenting With Iliopsoas Abscess, Pulmonary Miliary Tuberculosis, and Secondary Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis.The American journal of case reports · 2026Article
- Tuberculosis-Associated Hemophagocytic Syndrome Mimicking Malignant Lymphoma: A Case Report.Cureus · 2026Article
- Miliary Tuberculosis in an Elderly Woman: A Diagnostic Challenge in the Absence of Immunosuppression.Cureus · 2026Article
- Clinical analysis of 19 patients with tuberculosis complicated by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Disseminated PrimaryCase reports in infectious diseases · 2026Article
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- Article
- Fatal acute miliary tuberculosis complicated by obstructive jaundice, acute pancreatitis, and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a 57-year-old immunocompetent female: a case report.Journal of medical case reports · 2025Article
- Rare early hematogenous disseminated tuberculosis inducing hemophagocytic syndrome in conflict treatment.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Management of Cytokine Release Syndrome in Patients with Cancer: Focus on Infectious Disease Considerations.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2025Review
- Article
- Tuberculosis-triggered cytokine storm with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and tuberculous spondylitis in an apparently immunocompetent host: a case report and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Inclusion of patient-centered, non-microbiological endpoints and biomarkers in tuberculosis drug trials.Frontiers in antibiotics · 2025Review
- Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Secondary to Miliary Tuberculosis in a Resource-Limited Setting: A Case Report.Cureus · 2024Article
- Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis and Miliary Tuberculosis in an Apparently Immunocompetent Patient: A Case Report.Infectious disease reports · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Tuberculosis (TB) can induce secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), a severe inflammatory syndrome with high mortality. We integrated all published reports of adult HIV-negative TB-associated HLH (TB-HLH) to define clinical characteristics, diagnostic strategies, and therapeutic approaches associated with improved survival. Methods: PubMed, Embase, and Global Index Medicus were searched for eligible records. TB-HLH cases were categorized into (1) patients with a confirmed TB diagnosis receiving antituberculosis treatment while developing HLH and (2) patients presenting with HLH of unknown cause later diagnosed with TB. We used a logistic regression model to define clinical and diagnostic parameters associated with survival. Results: We identified 115 individual cases, 45 (39.1%) from countries with low TB incidence (<10/100 000 per year). When compared with patients with HLH and known TB (n = 21), patients with HLH of unknown cause (n = 94) more often had extrapulmonary TB (66.7% vs 88.3%), while the opposite was true for pulmonary disease (91.5% vs 59.6%). Overall, Conclusions: Tuberculosis should be considered a cause of unexplained HLH. TB-HLH is likely underreported, and the diagnostic workup of patients with HLH should include bone marrow investigations for evidence of
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