Alleviation of taurine on liver injury of type 2 diabetic rats by improving antioxidant and anti-inflammatory capacity.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious metabolic disease characterized by insulin resistance and reduced insulin production, which causes abnormally elevated blood glucose. It has been reported that T2DM can enhance oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, and stimulate a variety of complications including liver injury. Studies have shown that taurine has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects that can not only ameliorate diabetes but also alleviate liver injury caused by various diseases. However, its effect on liver injury in T2DM is not clear. In our study, a high-fat diet and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce liver injury in T2DM rats, and taurine was given as a treatment. Through the use of HE staining on paraffin sections, ELISA, and qRT-PCR, the effects of taurine on liver pathological alterations, antioxidant capacity, and inflammatory response were investigated. We found that: hepatic transaminase levels of rats were reduced significantly following taurine administration; histopathological observations revealed that the morphology of rat hepatocytes was close to normal, and the number of inflammatory cells around liver vessels was significantly reduced; antioxidant-related indicators were significantly increased, including SOD, CAT, GSH-Px and T-AOC, while related factors of the Nrf2 signalling pathway and its downstream HO-1, NQO1 and γ-GCS were significantly increased; the expression of the JAK2-STAT1 signalling pathway, TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway and NLRP3 inflammatory vesicle-related factors were significantly reduced. Our results suggest taurine can alleviate T2DM-induced liver injury by improving the antioxidant capacity of the liver and inhibiting macrophage M1-type polarization and the inflammatory response mediated thereby.