ArticleCureus2024
A Hypothesis Testing of Archwire Rounding for the Efficacy of Torque Springs in Orthodontics: A Finite Element Study.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 citations in OpenAlex.
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3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAchieving the proper buccolingual inclination of teeth is a cornerstone in orthodontic treatment, directly impacting the attainment of ideal occlusal relationships and long-term stability. A practical torque expression that moves the tooth in its proper position across all three planes is imperative to finish orthodontic cases optimally. The primary focus of this research is to investigate Burstone's hypothesis about Warren torque springs when applied to the rectangular wire. Additionally, it examines the hypothesis of rounding these wires in between the bracket wings of the target tooth to be moved. This study aims to determine whether the rounding of wires, in conjunction with the use of torque springs, influences orthodontic outcomes, addressing a notable gap in current literature and resolving controversies in orthodontic practice.
methodsA three-dimensional set of maxillary teeth was modeled. A 0.022" MiniSprint™ brackets and Stainless steel archwires of 0.019" × 0.025" and 0.017" × 0.025" (Forestadent, Pforzheim, Germany) were generated. Warren torque spring was modeled and used in the simulation on the upper right central incisor. Four case scenarios were simulated. In two scenarios, the archwires were untouched for both archwire sizes. In comparison, in the other two scenarios, each archwire size was rounded for the upper right maxillary incisor bracket area. Stresses in the Warren torque springs were calculated, the root tip displacement in the four scenarios was measured in millimeters, and both were analyzed.
resultsThe root tip displacement was highly affected by rounding the archwire. The increase in root tip displacement was 1538% for the Warren torque spring on 0.019" × 0.025" and 783% for 0.017" × 0.025". The amount of root tip displacement was about 18.8 mm for 0.017" × 0.025" with rounding and 12.2 mm for 0.019" × 0.025". The concentration of the stresses in the Warren torque spring was in the neck of the spring next to the coils.
conclusionRounding the archwires while using the Warren torque spring on a rectangular archwire will increase the efficiency of the spring and, in turn, will exhibit more torque on the tooth. Smaller dimensions of rectangular archwires will give more torque in conjunction with Warren torque springs compared to larger sizes of archwires.
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