ArticleFrontiers in immunology2024
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA and IgG in nasal secretions, saliva and serum.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06784739 (COMMUNITY - the COVID-19 Immunity Study), which is not on this map. Cited by 26 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
COMMUNITY - the COVID-19 Immunity Study
Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mucosal and Systemic Antibody Responses After Boosting With a Bivalent Messenger RNA Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Trial
- Detection of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Mucosal Immunoglobulin A in Clinical Saliva Samples After a Dose of Novavax COVID-19 Vaccine.Journal of medical virology · 2025Trial
- SARS-CoV-2 Exposure Elicits a Strong Mucosal Antibody Response That May Facilitate Quicker Mucosal Viral Clearance.Viruses · 2026Article
- Preserved SARS-CoV-2 T-cell responses despite impaired humoral immunity in children with profound B-cell lymphopenia.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- The role of mucosal IgA in protection against influenza A H1N1 virus infection in a real-world setting.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- mRNA COVID-19 vaccination induces minimal IgA in saliva in the absence of prior clinical or subclinical infection.Vaccine · 2026Article
- Local B cell immunity and durable memory after live-attenuated influenza intranasal vaccination of humans.Science translational medicine · 2026Article
- XBB 1.5 monovalent booster vaccination stimulates oral mucosal and systemic immune responses in healthy adults.Vaccine · 2026Article
- Flow Cytometric Assessment of Pertactin- and Tetanus Toxoid-Specific B-Cell Kinetics After Tdap Booster Vaccination in Healthy Adults.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Next-generation mucosal vaccines for respiratory viruses: Immunological correlates, platform design and clinical translation.World journal of virology · 2026Review
- An innovative nasal nanovaccine against SARS-CoV-2 induces systemic and upper airway immunity controlling viral replication.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Engineered IgA-Fc fusion protein with bioactive nanobody neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 variants with mucosal delivery potential.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- 400 AU/mL IgG protective threshold against SARS-CoV-2 XBB reinfection in Chinese inactivated vaccine recipients: implications for booster vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- mRNA vaccine expressing enterovirus D68 virus-like particles induces potent neutralizing antibodies and protects against infection.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
- Effectiveness of NVX-CoV2373 and BNT162b2 COVID-19 Vaccination in South Korean Adolescents.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2025Article
- Article
- Induction of hemagglutinin stalk reactive antibodies by the administration of a live-attenuated influenza virus vaccine in children.iScience · 2025Article
- Natural and induced immune responses in oral cavity and saliva.BMC immunology · 2025Review
- Temporal profiling of human lymphoid tissues reveals coordinated defense against viral challenge.Nature immunology · 2025Article
- Rotavirus-specific neutralization assay enables evaluation of mucosal immune responses.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Introduction: Several novel vaccine platforms aim at mucosal immunity in the respiratory tract to block SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Standardized methods for mucosal sample collection and quantification of mucosal antibodies are therefore urgently needed for harmonized comparisons and interpretations across mucosal vaccine trials and real-world data. Methods: Using commercial electrochemiluminescence antibody panels, we compared SARS-CoV-2 spike-specific IgA and IgG in paired saliva, nasal secretions, and serum from 1048 healthcare workers with and without prior infection. Results: Spike-specific IgA correlated well in nasal secretions and saliva (r>0.65, p<0.0001), but the levels were more than three-fold higher in nasal secretions as compared to in saliva (p<0.01). Correlations between the total population of spike-specific IgA and spike-specific secretory IgA (SIgA) were significantly stronger (p<0.0001) in nasal secretions (r=0.96, p<0.0001) as opposed to in saliva (r=0.77, p<0.0001), and spike-specific IgA correlated stronger (p<0.0001) between serum and saliva (r=0.73, p<0.001) as opposed to between serum and nasal secretions (r=0.54, p<0.001), suggesting transudation of monomeric spike specific IgA from the circulation to saliva. Notably, spike-specific SIgA had a markedly higher SARS-CoV-2 variant cross-binding capacity as compared to the total population of spike specific IgA and IgG in both nasal secretions, saliva and serum, (all p<0.0001), which emphasizes the importance of taking potential serum derived monomeric IgA into consideration when investigating mucosal immune responses. Discussion: Taken together, although spike-specific IgA can be reliably measured in both nasal secretions and saliva, our findings imply an advantage of higher levels and likely also a larger proportion of SIgA in nasal secretions as compared to in saliva. We further corroborate the superior variant cross-binding capacity of SIgA in mucosal secretions, highlighting the potential protective benefits of a vaccine targeting the upper respiratory tract.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.