ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2024
Evidence of antigenic drift in the fusion machinery core of SARS-CoV-2 spike.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Structural basis of diverse antibody recognition of conserved coronavirus spike S2 epitopes that contribute to protective immunity.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Strain-specific epistasis shapes fitness landscapes of APOBEC3G antagonism by HIV-1 Vif proteins.Science advances · 2026Article
- Broad Neutralizing Antibodies Against SARS-CoV-2: Current Progress and Engineering Strategies.Viruses · 2026Review
- DABPU-DE targeting host adipose triglyceride lipase provides broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus effectsFrontiers in pharmacology · 2026Article
- Common cold embecovirus imprinting primes broadly neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 S2.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Article
- Structural Insights into the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Its Implications for Antibody Resistance.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- An Italian Single-Center Genomic Surveillance Study: Two-Year Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Mutations.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- A Versatile High-Throughput Single-Cell Screening Platform for Profiling Antigen-Specific Long-Lived B Cells in Blood and Bone Marrow.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Susceptibility of broad reactivity nanobodies to resistance mutations in the S2 domain of SARS-CoV-2 predicted by yeast display deep mutational scanning.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Epitope mapping via in vitro deep mutational scanning methods and its applications.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2025Review
- Structural Immunology of SARS-CoV-2.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Review
- Tissue-resident memory T cells contribute to protection against heterologous SARS-CoV-2 challenge.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Review
- The S2 subunit of spike encodes diverse targets for functional antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Antigenic drift of SARS-CoV-2 is typically defined by mutations in the N-terminal domain and receptor binding domain of spike protein. In contrast, whether antigenic drift occurs in the S2 domain remains largely elusive. Here, we perform a deep mutational scanning experiment to identify S2 mutations that affect binding of SARS-CoV-2 spike to three S2 apex public antibodies. Our results indicate that spatially diverse mutations, including D950N and Q954H, which are observed in Delta and Omicron variants, respectively, weaken the binding of spike to these antibodies. Although S2 apex antibodies are known to be nonneutralizing, we show that they confer protection in vivo through Fc-mediated effector functions. Overall, this study indicates that the S2 domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike can undergo antigenic drift, which represents a potential challenge for the development of more universal coronavirus vaccines.
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