ReviewCancer communications (London, England)2024
Immunologic tumor microenvironment modulators for turning cold tumors hot.
Review in Cancer communications (London, England), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 200 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
200 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 247 citations in OpenAlex.
- Heating the Cold: Overcoming Immunotherapy Resistance in Microsatellite-Stable Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Pooled it
- Mapping research trends in macrophage polarization and immunotherapeutic potential in prostate cancer: a bibliometric and visual analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors-related cytokine storm syndrome: a systematic review of characteristics, treatment, and outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- RAD001-Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccine Synergizes With Anti-Programmed Cell Death Protein 1 Therapy to Enhance Antitumor Immunity in Programmed Cell Death Ligand 1-Low Murine Lung Cancer.World journal of oncology · 2026Article
- Carrier-free nanomodulators reprogramming acetate metabolism for cancer photo-immunotherapy via c-Myc inhibition-induced closed-loop regulatory circuit.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Article
- Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus Bearing GPC Mutations for Enhanced Tumor Tropism and Strong Anti-Tumor Activity.Viruses · 2026Article
- Brain metastasis: Opportunities for novel therapies.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
- Next-generation oncolytic virotherapy for lung cancer: bridging innovative vector engineering with clinical immunotherapy.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Review
- A programmed cell death learning signature predicts immunotherapy response and identifies AP1S1 as a regulator of immune exclusion in breast cancer.Chinese journal of cancer research = Chung-kuo yen cheng yen chiu · 2026Article
- Crosstalk Between CTSBAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Cold and hot tumors: immunological determinants, cancer-immunity cycle dysregulation, and nanotechnology-driven therapeutic approaches.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- cGAS-STING pathway activation drives the cold-to-hot tumor transition and sensitizes immunotherapy.Cancer biology & medicine · 2026Review
- Migration of immune cells in tumors and inflammation: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Endobronchial Intratumoral Immuno- and Gene Therapies in Lung Cancer: Mechanisms of Local Delivery, Systemic Immune Effects, and Global Feasibility.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Tertiary lymphoid structures predict the neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy response of stage III non-small cell lung cancer.Translational lung cancer research · 2026Article
- Tumor-Intrinsic ARHGEF3 Enhances Antitumor Immunity by Promoting T-Cell Infiltration and Limiting Myeloid Cell-Mediated Immunosuppression.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- An interpretable multi-task whole-slide histopathology AI model for non-small cell lung cancer: Cross-cohort generalisation, spatial attention-transcriptomic integration, and molecular-immune profiling.Clinical and translational medicine · 2026Article
- Single-cell transcriptomics reveals glycolytic heterogeneity and identifies STC2 as a key regulator of metabolic reprogramming in osteosarcoma.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- From Cold to Hot: Nanozyme-Based Strategies for Reprogramming the Tumour Immunoenvironment.Cell proliferation · 2026Review
140 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Tumors can be classified into distinct immunophenotypes based on the presence and arrangement of cytotoxic immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Hot tumors, characterized by heightened immune activity and responsiveness to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), stand in stark contrast to cold tumors, which lack immune infiltration and remain resistant to therapy. To overcome immune evasion mechanisms employed by tumor cells, novel immunologic modulators have emerged, particularly ICIs targeting cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1/programmed death-ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1). These agents disrupt inhibitory signals and reactivate the immune system, transforming cold tumors into hot ones and promoting effective antitumor responses. However, challenges persist, including primary resistance to immunotherapy, autoimmune side effects, and tumor response heterogeneity. Addressing these challenges requires innovative strategies, deeper mechanistic insights, and a combination of immune interventions to enhance the effectiveness of immunotherapies. In the landscape of cancer medicine, where immune cold tumors represent a formidable hurdle, understanding the TME and harnessing its potential to reprogram the immune response is paramount. This review sheds light on current advancements and future directions in the quest for more effective and safer cancer treatment strategies, offering hope for patients with immune-resistant tumors.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.