ArticleFrontiers in sports and active living2024
External focus instruction using a paper balloon: impact on trunk and lower extremity muscle activity in isometric single-leg stance for healthy males.
Article in Frontiers in sports and active living, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed, 0 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bad Ragaz Ring Method Versus Halliwick Method in Verbally Cooperative Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy (GMFCS Levels I-II): A Pilot Comparison Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Multimodal Validation of an sEMG-Based Visual Biofeedback System for Deep Abdominal Muscle Activation in Healthy Adults: A Randomized Controlled Proof-of-Concept Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
Introduction: Core stability is crucial for preventing and rehabilitating lumbar spine injuries. An external focus instruction using a paper balloon is an effective way to activate the trunk muscles. However, the degree of trunk and lower extremity muscle activation during single leg stance with external focus instruction using a paper balloon is unknown. This study aimed to investigate the core muscle involving activity in the trunk and lower extremities on both the support and non-support sides with or without using external focus instruction using a paper balloon during isometric single-leg stance. Methods: Thirteen healthy males aged 20-28 years volunteered to take part in this study and performed a single leg stance task with and without an external focus instruction, pressing their non-supporting foot onto a paper balloon without crushing it. The participant's muscle electrical activity was recorded during the single leg task using surface EMG and intramuscular EMG for six trunk muscles (transversus abdominis, internal oblique, external oblique, rectus abdominis, multifidus, and lumbar erector spinae) and five lower extremity muscles (gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, adductor longus, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris). Results: Compared to the normal single leg stance, the external focus instruction task using a paper balloon showed significantly increased transversus abdominis ( Conclusion: In conclusion, external focus instruction using a paper balloon significantly activates the trunk and lower extremities muscles on both the support and non-support sides. This finding provides insights for designing programs to improve coordination and balance. The benefits extend to diverse individuals, encompassing athletes, tactical professionals, and the general population, mitigating the risk of injury or falls linked to inadequate lower limb balance.
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