ArticleFrontiers in psychiatry2024
Evaluating the rate of reversal of fentanyl-induced respiratory depression using a novel long-acting naloxone nanoparticle, cNLX-NP.
Article in Frontiers in psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 7 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of Intravenous Lipid Emulsion as an Adjunctive Antidote in Experimental Fentanyl Toxicity: Comparison with Naloxone in a Rat Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Novel Swine Model of Respiratory Depression Induced by Fentanyl and Heroin Overdose.Research square · 2026Article
- Combining the alpha-2 adrenergic agonist clonidine with naloxone rescues fentanyl-induced physiologic dysfunction and increases survival.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Assessing the efficacy of nanoparticles in reversing opioid poisoning and preventing renarcotization.Nanomedicine (London, England) · 2025Review
- Monoclonal Antibodies Engineered with Fc Region Mutations to Extend Protection against Fentanyl Toxicity.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Introduction: Fentanyl and fentanyl analogs (F/FA) have become increasingly common adulterants in counterfeit prescription pills and illicit street drug mixtures due to their ease of synthesis and exceedingly high potency. The ongoing epidemic of fatal overdoses fueled by F/FA continues to highlight the need for longer-acting therapies than naloxone (NLX), the current gold-standard for reversing opioid overdoses, which shows limited efficacy to prevent renarcotization associated with F/FA toxicity. A novel opioid reversal agent based on covalent naloxone nanoparticles (cNLX-NP) has been shown to blunt fentanyl-induced respiratory depression out to 48 hr, demonstrating its potential therapeutic utility. The purpose of this study was to characterize how rapidly cNLX-NP reverses fentanyl-induced respiratory effects as well as the duration of its protective effects. Methods: Sprague Dawley male rats (n=6/group) were tested on an oximeter for baseline percent arterial oxygen saturation (%SaO Results: While both NLX and NLMF rapidly reversed %SaO Discussion: While cNLX-NP alone may not sufficiently reverse F/FA overdose in a timely manner, mixing free NLX with cNLX-NP can provide a mechanism to both rapidly reverse fentanyl-related effects and maintain extended protection against synthetic opioid toxicity. These data support further development of cNLX-NP as a fast-acting and long-lasting antidote to treat F/FA-induced respiratory depression and overdose, and potentially prevent renarcotization in humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.