ArticleESC heart failure2024
Increased interleukin-6 is associated with higher risk of heart failure in people with type 2 diabetes.
Article in ESC heart failure, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 6 citations in OpenAlex.
- The AGE-RAGE-DIAPH1 Axis in Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Dysfunction: From Carbonyl Stress to Diabetic Myocardial and Neuronal Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Targeting inflammation in heart failure-from genetic evidence to therapeutic agents.ESC heart failure · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy: Focus on inflammation.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Review
- Increased interleukin-6 is associated with higher risk of heart failure in people with type 2 diabetes.ESC heart failure · 2024Article
- The Role of Inflammasomes in Heart Failure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aimsWe aimed to determine the association between serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations and new-onset heart failure (HF) in persons with type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS AND
resultsWe performed a case-control study nested in the Diabetes Care System Cohort, a prospective cohort of persons with T2D in primary care. We included 724 participants, of whom 141 developed HF during 5 years of follow-up and 583 were age- and sex-matched controls. IL-6 was measured at baseline and categorized into four groups: Group 1 was composed of participants with IL-6 below the detection limit of 1.5 pg/mL, and the remainder were divided into tertiles. We performed logistic regression analyses with categorized IL-6 or continuous IL-6 as the determinant and new-onset HF as the outcome adjusted for follow-up time, age, sex, glycated haemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate, albumin/creatinine ratio, and cardiovascular disease at baseline. Effect modification by sex was tested. Participants were 70.7 ± 9.0 years, and 38% were women. In comparison with Group 1, all tertiles were associated with an increased risk of HF with odds ratios of 2.1 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2-2.9], 2.8 (95% CI: 2.0-3.7), and 2.1 (95% CI: 1.3-3.0), respectively, for Tertiles 1-3. Continuous IL-6 was associated with the development of HF with an odds ratio of 1.2 (95% CI: 1.0-1.5). No effect modification by sex was observed.
conclusionsHigher IL-6 levels are associated with the development of HF in persons with T2D. Further research should determine whether IL-6-lowering interventions could prevent the development of HF.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.