ReviewLaboratory animal research2024
3R-Refinement principles: elevating rodent well-being and research quality.
Review in Laboratory animal research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Current Status of the 3Rs Principles in Animal Use in Bosnia and Herzegovina: Overview and Future Perspectives.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Review
- A Lightweight, 3D-Printable, Low-Cost, "One-Click" Dorsal Skin Window for High-Quality Long-Term Multimodal Subcutaneous Tumor Imaging.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Refining a preclinical model of viral myocarditis in accordance with biotech standards.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Article
- The Predictive Accuracy of Methods Commonly Used for Evaluating Animal Distress.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2026Article
- Animal models in molecular biology research: Challenges, ethical imperatives, and the path to human-relevant translation.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- MyoRep: A Novel Reporter System to Detect Early Muscle Atrophy In Vitro and In Vivo.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2026Article
- Effects of Clicker Training on Behavioral and Stress Markers of Welfare in the F1 Generation of CD1 Mice: A Pilot Study.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Histomorphometric Evaluation of Subchronic and Chronic Effects of Novel Experimental Calcium Aluminate- and Calcium Silicate-Based Dental Cement Materials on Rat Liver, Kidney, Brain, and Spleen Tissues.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Early Radiation Therapy Response Assessment Using Multi-Scale Photoacoustic Imaging.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- In Ovo CAM-Based Xenograft Model for Investigating Tumor Developmental Biology in Breast Cancer.Bio-protocol · 2026Article
- Structurally Engineered Ferrous Metal-Organic Framework as a Chemodynamic Therapy Nanoagent for Concurrent Hydroxyl Radical and Singlet Oxygen Generation.Advanced functional materials · 2026Article
- Histopathological and immunofluorescent characterization of post-sepsis immune dysregulation in a clinically relevant mouse model.European journal of histochemistry : EJH · 2026Article
- Cardioprotective Potential ofCurrent drug targets · 2026Article
- Exploiting Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Methods for Optimizing and Accelerating Drug Development of Innovative Anti-Infectives.ChemMedChem · 2026Review
- Design, Synthesis and Anti-Alzheimer's Activity of Some Hybrid Molecule of Oxymatrine Through TGF-β.Current topics in medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Twenty years of health monitoring in a conventional neuroscience animal facility: challenges, strategies, and 3Rs-oriented approaches to animal welfare, personnel health, and research integrity.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- A standardized rat model of maxillary anterior periodontal soft tissue defect for the evaluation of soft tissue graft materials.Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Zebrafish: A Versatile and Powerful Model for Biomedical Research.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Ginsenoside Rg1 promotes the efficacy of human amnion-derived mesenchymal stem cells in alleviating chemotherapy-induced premature ovarian insufficiency in rats.Journal of ovarian research · 2025Article
- The influence of regularly changing enrichment on the cognitive judgement bias of laboratory rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This review article delves into the details of the 3R-Refinement principles as a vital framework for ethically sound rodent research laboratory. It highlights the core objective of the refinement protocol, namely, to enhance the well-being of laboratory animals while simultaneously improving the scientific validity of research outcomes. Through an exploration of key components of the refinement principles, the article outlines how these ethics should be implemented at various stages of animal experiments. It emphasizes the significance of enriched housing environments that reduce stress and encourage natural behaviors, non-restraint methods in handling and training, refined dosing and sampling techniques that prioritize animal comfort, the critical role of optimal pain management and the importance of regular animal welfare assessment in maintaining the rodents well-being. Additionally, the advantages of collaboration with animal care and ethics committees are also mentioned. The other half of the article explains the extensive benefits of the 3R-Refinement protocol such as heightened animal welfare, enhanced research quality, reduced variability, and positive feedback from researchers and animal care staff. Furthermore, it addresses avenues for promoting the adoption of the protocol, such as disseminating best practices, conducting training programs, and engaging with regulatory bodies. Overall, this article highlights the significance of 3R-Refinement protocol in aligning scientific advancement with ethical considerations along with shaping a more compassionate and responsible future for animal research.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.