ArticleBiology of sex differences2024
Resting heart rate associations with violence exposure and posttraumatic stress symptoms: sex differences in children.
Article in Biology of sex differences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed, 3 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychological Scars and Physical Consequences: Linking PTSD to Cardiovascular Health.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Review
- Emotional Dysregulation and Temperament in Adolescents with Acute Psychiatric Conditions: Gender Differences and the Role of Psychiatric Diagnosis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The relation between passively collected data and PTSD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.NPJ digital medicine · 2025Article
- Cardiac vagal modulation predicts decision-making in sacrificial and everyday moral dilemmas.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundTraumatic events experienced in childhood can lead to increased risk of cardiovascular disorders in adulthood. Black Americans are disproportionately affected, as they are at increased risk for experiencing childhood trauma and cardiovascular diseases in adulthood. One of the hypothesized mechanisms of this association is through long-lasting dysregulation of the autonomic nervous system, a hallmark physiological biomarker of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is twice as prevalent in women compared to men.
methodsNinety-one, majority Black American children, aged 9 were recruited to be a part of our longitudinal study of child development at research centers in Atlanta, GA and Detroit, MI. Resting HR was measured through a electrocardiogram (ECG) recording using the Biopac MP150. Self-report measures of violence exposure and PTSD symptoms were administered by research staff.
resultsChildren with more violence exposure reported increased PTSS as well as lower resting HR. Regression analysis showed evidence of sex modifying this relationship, (B = -0.64, p < 0.05), such that the association between resting HR and PTSS was stronger in girls than in boys. In our exploratory analysis with standard clinical cutoffs of resting HR, the normative HR group was found to significantly moderate the relationship between violence exposure and PTSS in boys, (B = -2.14, p < 0.01), but not girls (B = -0.94, p = 0.27).
conclusionIn our sample of primarily Black urban children, we found that violence exposure was associated with slower, more adult-like HR, that girls showed greater PTSS associated with slower HR while boys did not, and that girls with lower than normative HR showed significantly higher PTSS compared to girls with normative HR. Our sample's demonstration of psychological consequences in addition to the physiological implications could provide new information about a psychobiological sequelae of violence exposure.
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