ArticleBMC infectious diseases2024
Predictors of antiretroviral treatment failure to the first line therapy: a cross-sectional study among Iranian HIV-positive adults.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 5 citations in OpenAlex.
- What leads to treatment failure among people living with HIV: first systematic review from the middle east and North Africa.Virology journal · 2025Pooled it
- Evaluating HIV drug resistance in the middle East and North Africa and its associated factors: a systematic review.Virology journal · 2025Pooled it
- In vitro comparison of the susceptibilities of the same drug resistance mutations to reverse-transcriptase inhibitors of subtype B and CRF01_AE HIV-1 strains.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Time to virological failure and its predictors among children receiving first-line antiretroviral treatment in selected public Hospitals, Eastern Ethiopia, 2022: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.SAGE open medicine · 2025Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV virological failure is one of the main problems in HIV-infected patients, and identifying the main predictors of such treatment failure may help in combating HIV/AIDS. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional study included 1800 HIV-infected patients with either virological failure or treatment response. HIV viral load, CD4 count, and other tests were performed. Statistical analysis was used to determine the predictors of virological failure.
resultsClinical stage, treatment with reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTIs), under therapy for three years or more, suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART), age > 40 years, CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3, unemployment, being infected through sex, and the presence of symptoms were the predominant risk factors for virological failure. In addition, 55% of patients who experienced virological failure failed to experience immunological and/or clinical failure.
conclusionAs the first study in southern Iran and the second in Iran, Iranian policymakers should focus on intensive counseling and adherence support and emphasize more effective treatment regimens such as protease and integrase inhibitors (PIs and INTIs), to increase the chance of a treatment response to ART. The accuracy of identifying clinical and immunological criteria in resource-limited settings is not promising. The present findings can be used to determine effective measures to control HIV treatment failure and design efficient strategies for the ambitious 95-95-95 plan.
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Registered trials
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