ArticleThe Science of the total environment2024
Lead exposure across the life course and age at death.
Article in The Science of the total environment, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Prenatal and early postnatal lead exposure and later adulthood BMI: The Saint Louis baby tooth - Later life health study.Environmental research · 2026Article
- Tooth Enamel as a Biogeochemical Archive of Trace Elements in an Urban Population: A Multielement Study from Beijing, China.Biological trace element research · 2026Article
- Lead Poisoning in the Americas: Sources, Regulations, Health Impacts, and Molecular Mechanisms.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Review
- Changes in the Concentration Profile of Selected Micro- and Macro-Elements in the Yellow Ligament Obtained from Patients with Degenerative Stenosis of the Lumbo-Sacral Spine.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Invited Perspective: Protect and Serve-The Potential Role of Folate in Lead Risk Reduction.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLead (Pb) exposure has been associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality, even at low levels. Little is known about how the timing of Pb exposure throughout life may influence these relationships. Quantifying the amount of Pb present in various tissues of the body provides measurements of exposure from different periods of life. These include bone, tooth enamel, which is the hard outer layer of the crown, and tooth cementum, which is the calcified connective tissue covering the tooth root. The purpose of the study was to examine Pb exposure at multiple periods throughout life, including childhood (enamel), adulthood (cementum), and later life (bone), and to estimate their associations with age at death.
methods208 skeleton donors (born 1910-1960) from an ongoing case-control study were included in this study. Pb was measured in tibia (shin), bone using X-Ray Florescence and in teeth using Laser-Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectroscopy. After excluding unusually high measurements (>2sd), this resulted in a final sample of 111 with all exposure measures. Correlations across measures were determined using partial Spearman correlations. Associations between Pb exposure and age at death were estimated using Multivariable Linear Regression.
resultsPb measures across exposure periods were all significantly correlated, with the highest correlation between cementum and tibia measures (r = 0.61). Donors were largely female (63.0 %), White (97.3 %), and attended some college (49.5 %). Single exposure models found that higher tooth cementum Pb (-1.27; 95 % CI: -2.48, -0.06) and tibia bone Pb (-0.91; 95 % CI: -1.67, -0.15) were significantly associated with an earlier age at death. When considered simultaneously, only cementum Pb remained significant (-1.51; 95 % CI: -2.92, -0.11). Secondary analyses suggest that the outer cementum Pb may be especially associated with an earlier age at death.
conclusionResults suggest that higher Pb exposure is associated with an earlier age at death, with adulthood as the life period of most relevance. Additional studies using Pb exposure measures from different life stages should be conducted.
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