ArticleEuropean heart journal2024
Cardiac implantable electronic devices and bloodstream infections: management and outcomes.
Article in European heart journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Campylobacter jejuni as a Rare Pathogen in CIED Pocket Infections: A Case Report and Literature Review.The American journal of case reports · 2026Review
- Partial Oral Antibiotic Therapy for Infective Endocarditis: A Practical Review of Current Evidence and Guidelines.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Investigating the necessity of preoperative coronary angiography for infection-related cardiac implantable electronic device explantation.American heart journal plus : cardiology research and practice · 2026Article
- Comparative Outcomes FollowingOpen forum infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Polymorphic relaxor phase and defect dipole polarization co-reinforced capacitor energy storage in temperature-monitorable high-entropy ferroelectrics.Nature communications · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsBloodstream infection (BSI) of any cause may lead to device infection in cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) patients. Aiming for a better understanding of the diagnostic approach, treatment, and outcome, patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy and defibrillator (CRT-D) hospitalized with BSI were investigated.
methodsThis is a single-centre, retrospective, cohort analysis including consecutive ICD/CRT-D patients implanted between 2012 and 2021. These patients were screened against a list of all hospitalized patients having positive blood cultures consistent with diagnosed infection in any department of a local public hospital.
resultsThe total cohort consisted of 515 patients. Over a median follow-up of 59 months (interquartile range 31-87 months), there were 47 BSI episodes in 36 patients. The majority of patients with BSI (92%) was admitted to non-cardiology units, and in 25 episodes (53%), no cardiac imaging was performed. Nearly all patients (85%) were treated with short-term antibiotics, whereas chronic antibiotic suppression therapy (n = 4) and system extraction (n = 3) were less frequent. Patients with BSI had a nearly seven-fold higher rate (hazard ratio 6.7, 95% confidence interval 3.9-11.2; P < .001) of all-cause mortality.
conclusionsDiagnostic workup of defibrillator patients with BSI admitted to a non-cardiology unit is often insufficient to characterize lead-related endocarditis. The high mortality rate in these patients with BSI may relate to underdiagnosis and consequently late/absence of system removal. Efforts to increase an interdisciplinary approach and greater use of cardiac imaging are necessary for timely diagnosis and adequate treatment.
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